Students’ Autonomous Learning Activities outside the Classroom to Master English as a Foreign Language
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.32332/joelt.v10i1.4716Keywords:
Autonomous Leaning, EFL, learner autonomy, learning, outside the classroomAbstract
The complexity of foreign language learning and its restricted time to learn in the classroom need proactive efforts from the English students outside the classroom with full initiative and effort. This study tended to investigate to what extent students’ autonomous learning activities outside the classroom to master English (four English skills). This study applied a descriptive quantitative design. It was conducted at a state university in Majene, West Sulawesi, Indonesia in the academic year 2021/2022. The population was English education students in the second and third years. There were 62 students who participated in this research. They were selected by using a convenience sampling technique. To gain the data, this research employed a questionnaire as a research instrument which consists of 16 items of statements. The data, then, were analyzed by employing descriptive statistics. Based on the data analysis, it was found that students’ autonomous learning activities outside the classroom are still limited to activities that are entertaining for them. Apart from that, it has not been found that their extra efforts are done independently to become more proficient in every English skill. This indicates that students are still passive learners. By knowing the independent learning efforts carried out by students out of the classroom, English lecturers are expected to be able to design policies or teaching strategies to guide students so that they can increase their efforts by optimizing the wealth of available independent learning resources.
References
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Peng, S. (2019). A Study of the Differences between EFL and ESL for English Classroom Teaching in China. IRA-International Journal of Education & Multidisciplinary Studies, 15(01), 32–35.
Pratiwi, K. D. (2016). Students ’ Difficulties in Writing English : A Study at the Third Semester Students of English Education Program at University of Bengkulu. Linguists: Journal of Linguistics and Language Teaching, 3(1), 1–13.
Rahman, A., & Suharmoko. (2017). Building Autonomous Learners in English as a Foreign Language (EFL) Classroom. 3rd International Conferences on Education in Muslim Society (ICEMS 2017), 115, 231–234. https://doi.org/10.2991/icems-17.2018.44
Rokhani, E. N. (2012). Promoting Autonomous Language Learning to Higher Education Students. Majalah Ilmiah Pembelajaran, 2, 1–15.
Sarwat, S., Ullah, N., Shehzad Anjum, H. M., & Bhuttah, T. M. (2021). Problems and Factors affecting students English writing skills at elementary level. Elementary Education Online, 20(5), 3079–3086. https://doi.org/10.17051/ilkonline.2021.05.332
Sokip. (2020). Overcoming the Problem of Learning Foreign Language Skills in the Classroom. Universal Journal of Educational Research, 8(2), 723–729. https://doi.org/10.13189/ujer.2020.080246
Sumbawati, M. S., Munoto, Basuki, I., Ismayati, E., & Rijanto, T. (2020). Student Learning Independence in Online Learning Depends on Motivation. International Joint Conference on Science and Engineering (IJSE 2020), 196, 342–347. https://doi.org/10.2991/aer.k.201124.062
Tif & Kes. (2016, August). Indonesia ranks second-last in reading interest: Study. The Jakarta Post. https://www.thejakartapost.com/life/2016/08/29/indonesia-ranks-second-last-in-reading-interest-study.html
Unjana, S., Sunan, S., Jamloong, W., Sirisak, A., & Terdsak, S. (2018). Indicators of Characteristics of Learners Autonomy in English Language of Primary 6 students in the Northeast of Thailand. Educational Research and Reviews, 13(15), 590–597. https://doi.org/10.5897/err2018.3562
Üstunluoglu, E. (2009). Autonomy in Language Learning : Do Students Take Responsibility for Their Learning? Eğitimde Kuram ve Uygulama Journal of Theory and Practice in Education, 5(2), 148–169.
Agustina, D., & Fajar, D. A. (2018). Learner autonomy as a challenge in English language education 4 . 0 in Indonesia. 2nd English Language and Literature International Conference (ELLiC) Proceedings, 2, 155–159.
Albiladi, W. S., Abdeen, F. H., & Lincoln, F. (2018). Learning English through Movies: Adult English Language Learners’ Perceptions. Theory and Practice in Language Studies, 8(12), 1567. https://doi.org/10.17507/tpls.0812.01
Amalia, R. D., & Anggraeni, A. (2021). Limitation Vocabulary Can Be One of Factor the Students Do Not Want to Speak English. PROJECT (Professional Journal of English Education), 4(1), 75–79. https://doi.org/10.22460/project.v4i1.p75-79
Anjani, S. D., Sukarno, S., & Andra, V. (2022). The Influence of Students’ Reading Interest on Writing Ability in Learning Indonesian. Jadila: Journal of Development and Innovation in Language and Literature Education, 2(3), 271–282. https://doi.org/10.52690/jadila.v2i3.215
Ardana Reswari, G. P., & Kalimanzila, J. (2021). Re-Promoting Autonomous Learning for University Students: A Lesson from Pandemic Covid-19. Jurnal Ilmiah Profesi Pendidikan, 6(1), 38–47. https://doi.org/10.29303/jipp.v6i1.144
Ayish, N., & Deveci, T. (2019). Student Perceptions of Responsibility for Their Own Learning and for Supporting Peers ’ Learning in a Project-based Learning Environment. International Journal of Teaching and Learning in Higher Education, 31(2), 224–237.
Budden, R. (2015). Secrets of Learning a Language Quickly. BBC. https://www.bbc.com/worklife/article/20150302-secrets-to-learning-a-language
Carpenter, J. P. (2013). Preparing Students to Take Responsibility for Learning: The Role of Non- Curricular Learning Strategies. Journal of Curriculum and Instruction, 7(2), 38–55. https://doi.org/10.3776/joci.2013
Cirocki, A., Anam, S., & Retnanigdyah, P. (2019). Readiness for Autonomy in English Language Learning: The Case of Indonesian High School Students. Iranian Journal of Language Teaching Research, 7(2), 1–18.
Daflizar. (2020). Autonomous English Language Learning Beyond the Classroom: Indonesian Tertiary Students’ Practices and Constraints. International Journal of Learning, Teaching and Educational Research, 19(10), 194–213. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.26803/ijlter.19.10.11
Hermagustiana, I., & Anggriyani, D. (2019). Language Learner Autonomy: The Beliefs of English Language Students. IJEE (Indonesian Journal of English Education), 6(2), 133–142.
Inayati, N., & Mawan, D. (2021). Student Awareness , Attitude , Affordances , and Challenges in Online Autonomous English Language Learning. Bahasa Dan Seni: Jurnal Bahasa, Sastra, Seni, Dan Pengajarannya, 49(1), 28–39.
Jingnan, S. (2011). Autonomy in EFL Education. Canadian Social Science, 7(5), 27–32.
Kardiansyah, M. Y., & Qodriani, L. U. (2018). English Extracurricular and Its Role to Improve Students’ English Speaking Ability. RETORIKA: Jurnal Ilmu Bahasa, 4(1), 60–69.
Kemala, Z. (2016). An Analysis of Factors Influencing the Autonomous Learners in Learning English. Eltin, 4(I), 11–20.
Lee, S., Noh, H., Lee, J., Lee, K., Lee, G. G., Sagong, S., & Kim, M. (2011). On the effectiveness of Robot-Assisted Language Learning. ReCALL, 23(1), 25–58. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0958344010000273
Ma, L., Li, X., & Su, Z. (2013). The Problems and Solutions Existing in the Autonomous Learning under the Network Environment. International Conference on Education Technology and Information System, Icetis, 849–852.
Mega, I. R., & Sugiarto, D. (2020). Speaking Skill in Correlation with English Speaking Learning Habit and Self Confidence of Vocational High School Students. Journal of Foreign Languange Teaching and Learning, 5(2), 172–187. https://doi.org/10.18196/ftl.5253
Mohamad, M. M. (2018). Teaching English in ESL and EFL Contexts : A Comparative Study in Syrian and Teaching English in ESL and EFL Contexts : A Comparative Study in Syrian and Indian Public Schools. Journal of English Language and Literature.
Ningrum, A. L., & Riau, U. (2019). An Analysis on The Students’ Reluctance to Speak English at English Department FKIP UNRI. JOM FKIP, 6(2), 1–10.
Obaidullah, M., & Rahman, M. A. (2018). The impact of internet and social media on the habit of reading books: A case study in the southern region of Bangladesh. Studies in English Language and Education, 5(1), 25–39. https://doi.org/10.24815/siele.v5i1.8966
Peng, S. (2019). A Study of the Differences between EFL and ESL for English Classroom Teaching in China. IRA-International Journal of Education & Multidisciplinary Studies, 15(01), 32–35.
Pratiwi, K. D. (2016). Students ’ Difficulties in Writing English : A Study at the Third Semester Students of English Education Program at University of Bengkulu. Linguists: Journal of Linguistics and Language Teaching, 3(1), 1–13.
Rahman, A., & Suharmoko. (2017). Building Autonomous Learners in English as a Foreign Language (EFL) Classroom. 3rd International Conferences on Education in Muslim Society (ICEMS 2017), 115, 231–234. https://doi.org/10.2991/icems-17.2018.44
Rokhani, E. N. (2012). Promoting Autonomous Language Learning to Higher Education Students. Majalah Ilmiah Pembelajaran, 2, 1–15.
Sarwat, S., Ullah, N., Shehzad Anjum, H. M., & Bhuttah, T. M. (2021). Problems and Factors affecting students English writing skills at elementary level. Elementary Education Online, 20(5), 3079–3086. https://doi.org/10.17051/ilkonline.2021.05.332
Sokip. (2020). Overcoming the Problem of Learning Foreign Language Skills in the Classroom. Universal Journal of Educational Research, 8(2), 723–729. https://doi.org/10.13189/ujer.2020.080246
Sumbawati, M. S., Munoto, Basuki, I., Ismayati, E., & Rijanto, T. (2020). Student Learning Independence in Online Learning Depends on Motivation. International Joint Conference on Science and Engineering (IJSE 2020), 196, 342–347. https://doi.org/10.2991/aer.k.201124.062
Tif & Kes. (2016, August). Indonesia ranks second-last in reading interest: Study. The Jakarta Post. https://www.thejakartapost.com/life/2016/08/29/indonesia-ranks-second-last-in-reading-interest-study.html
Unjana, S., Sunan, S., Jamloong, W., Sirisak, A., & Terdsak, S. (2018). Indicators of Characteristics of Learners Autonomy in English Language of Primary 6 students in the Northeast of Thailand. Educational Research and Reviews, 13(15), 590–597. https://doi.org/10.5897/err2018.3562
Üstunluoglu, E. (2009). Autonomy in Language Learning : Do Students Take Responsibility for Their Learning? Eğitimde Kuram ve Uygulama Journal of Theory and Practice in Education, 5(2), 148–169.
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2022-06-29
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