Developing Critical Literacy-Based Instructional Reading Materials for Teaching EFL Reading Classes
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.32332/joelt.v11i2.7758Keywords:
critical literacy, EFL reading class, Instructional Reading Materials (IRM), reading materials, teaching readingAbstract
Reading material development becomes one of the challenges in EFL reading class. Most of educators choose to adopt the existing learning materials due to the capacity and time constraints in the material development. This study aims to develop critical literacy-based instructional reading materials used to teach EFL reading classes. This study adopted the research design proposed by Plomp and Nieveen (2010); preliminary phase, prototyping phase, and evaluation phase. There are two types of data in this study; quantitative and qualitative data. Furthermore, the quantitative data were obtained from a questionnaire and reading test. Meanwhile, the qualitative data were collected from interviews and class observation. The study was conducted in English Language Education study programs in three universities in Yogyakarta and Pekanbaru. The findings of the study show that the developed instructional materials met the criteria of validity, practicality, and effectiveness. The results of the validation process indicate that the instructional reading materials were categorized into appropriate (3.3) to be used for teaching reading. The practicality of the product indicates that the developed product is very appropriate (85%) to enhance students’ critical awareness on particular social issues. Also, the developed product has interesting and diverse learning activities (60%) which is appropriate for students of the English Language Education Study Program. After conducting the main field testing, it was seen that the Sig. (2-tailed) < 0.05. Therefore, the developed product is effective to improve the students’ critical literacy skills.
References
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Bušljeta, R. (2013). Effective Use of Teaching and Learning Resources. Czech-Polish Historical and Pedagogical Journal, 5(2), 55–70. https://doi.org/10.2478/cphpj-2013-0014
Ciardiello, A. V. (2004). Democracy ’ s young heroes : An instructional model of critical literacy practices. International Reading Association, 58(2), 138–147. https://doi.org/10.1598/RT.58.2.2
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Qarqez, M., & Rashid, R. (2017). Reading Comprehension Difficulties among EFL Learners: The Case of First and Second -Year Students at Yarmouk University in Jordan. Arab World English Journal, 8(3), 421–431. https://doi.org/10.24093/awej/vol8no3.27
Rohadi, T. (2018). Critical Literacy Based Instructional Reading Materials. English Studies Journal, 11(1), 16–27.
Rohmah, G. N. (2018). Critical Reading: Students’ Problems, Strategies, and Reflections. Journal of English Language, Literature, and Teaching, 2(2), 20–24.
Setyorini, A. (2018). The Practice of Critical Literacy Teaching in EFL Classroom: A Case Study in a Reading Class in Indonesian Higher Education. The Tenth Conference on Applied Linguistics and the Second Language Teaching and Technology Conference, (May), 35–40. https://doi.org/10.5220/0007161600350040
Solikhah, I. (2018). Insufficient Preparation of Teaching Reading: What Should Teacher Challenge? IJOLTL: Indonesian Journal of Language Teaching and Linguistics, 3(3), 71–84. https://doi.org/10.30957/ijotl-tl.v3i3.499
Sugiyono. (2016). Metode Penelitian Kuantitatif, Kualitatif, R&d. Bandung: Penerbit Alfabeta.
Sukarjo. (2006). Kumpulan Materi Evaluasi Pembelajaran. Yogyakarta: Jurusan Teknologi Pembelajar. Program Pascasarjana Universitas Negeri Yogyakarta.
Sultan. (2018). Membaca Kritis Mengungkap Ideologi Teks dengan Pendekatan Literasi. Retrieved from chrome-extension://efaidnbmnnnibpcajpcglclefindmkaj/http://eprints.unm.ac.id/13027/1/Membaca Kritis full cover.pdf
Suryanto. (2017). An Investigation On English Reading Comprehension Problems In Indonesian Cultural Contexts. International Conference on Education, Science, Art and Technology, (July), 200–205. Retrieved from https://ojs.unm.ac.id/icesat/article/view/3738.
Tiarina, Y., Wahyuni, S., Fitri, D., Sakinah, N., & Afif, A. (2022). Pisa Reading Literacy: Encountering Female and Male’ Reading Literacy Ability. English Review: Journal of English Education, 10(2), 593–602. https://doi.org/10.25134/erjee.v10i2.6263
Tomlinson, B. (2011). Materials Development in Language Teaching (2nd ed.; B. Tomlinson, Ed.). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Velayati, N., Muslem, A., Fitriani, S. S., & Samad, I. A. (2017). An Exploration of Students’ Difficulties in Using Critical Thinking Skills in Reading. Al-Ta Lim Journal, 24(3), 195–206. https://doi.org/10.15548/jt.v24i3.298
Widyawati, Y., & Fitriah, F. (2023). Reading Self-Efficacy of EFL Students on Pre-Service Teaching Program and Practice in the EFL Classrooms. Pedagogy : Journal of English Language Teaching, 11(1), 99. https://doi.org/10.32332/joelt.v11i1.4770
Yadav, G. K. (2014). Issues and Challenges in Teaching Reading in The EFL Classrooms. In The ASHA Leader (Vol. 19). https://doi.org/10.1044/leader.ppl.19062014.20
Zhang, G. (2015). Learning Critical Literacy in ESL Classrooms. Creative Education, 6, 1316–1321.
Akbasli, S., Sahin, M., & Yaykiran, Z. (2016). The Effect of Reading Comprehension on the Performance in Science and Mathematics. Journal of Education and Practice, 7(16), 108–121. Retrieved from http://libproxy.library.wmich.edu/login?url=https://search.proquest.com/docview/1871576067?accountid=15099
Alamri, A. A. . (2008). An Evaluation of Six Grade English Language Textbook for Saudi Boys’ Schools. King Saud University.
Aliakbari, M., & Faraji, E. (2011). Basic Principles of Critical Pedagogy. Second International Conference on Humanities, Historical, and Social Sciences., 17, 77–85.
Assiddiq, M. A. (2019). Authentic Materials in Reading Comprehension Classroom: Its Effectiveness to Indonesian EFL Students’ Achievement. International Journal for Educational and Vocational Studies, 1(7), 707–712. https://doi.org/10.29103/ijevs.v1i7.1676
Behrman, E. H. (2006). Teaching About Language, Power, and Text: A Review of Classroom Practices That Support Critical Literacy. Journal of Adolescent & Adult Literacy, 49(6), 490–498. https://doi.org/10.1598/jaal.49.6.4
Bušljeta, R. (2013). Effective Use of Teaching and Learning Resources. Czech-Polish Historical and Pedagogical Journal, 5(2), 55–70. https://doi.org/10.2478/cphpj-2013-0014
Ciardiello, A. V. (2004). Democracy ’ s young heroes : An instructional model of critical literacy practices. International Reading Association, 58(2), 138–147. https://doi.org/10.1598/RT.58.2.2
Erlina, D., Astrid, A., Kurniasari, R., & Purwansyah, H. (2019). The Correlation between Reading Habit and Academic Achievement of the Undergraduate Students of English Education Study Program of UIN Raden Fatah Palembang. Jambi-English Language Teaching Journal, 4(1), 48–57.
Febriana, N. (2021). Reading Literacy of Students in Indonesia is Still Low. (November). Retrieved from https://www.researchgate.net/publication/355887360
Guntur, L., & Pordanjani, S. (2019). Exploring the Challenges of Reading Comprehension Teaching for English Proficiency Test Preparation Class in Indonesia. ELS Journal on Interdisciplinary Studies in Humanities, 2(3), 321–330. https://doi.org/10.34050/els-jish.v2i3.7401
Harmer, J. (2010). How to Teach English. In Pearson Education Limited (6th ed.). https://doi.org/10.54414/mzlv3216
Harsono, Y. M. (2007). Developing Learning Materials for Specific Purposes. TEFLIN Journal - A Publication on the Teaching and Learning of English, 18(2), 169. https://doi.org/10.15639/teflinjournal.v18i2/169-179
Janks, H. (2012). The Importance of Critical Literacy. English Teaching: Practice and Critique, 11(1), 150–161.
Lewison, M., Flint, A. S., & Sluys, K. Van. (2002). Taking on Critical Literacy: The Journey of Newcomers and Novices. Language Arts, 79(5), 382–392.
Lily, Z. (2014). A Discussion of Linguistic Factors Relating to English Reading for Chinese Mongolian Students at Thong Dap University. Studies in Literature and Language, 9(3), 136–142. https://doi.org/10.3968/5820
Litz, D. R. A. (2005). Textbook evaluation and Elt management: a South Korean case study. Asian EFL Journal, 48(1), 1–53. Retrieved from https://www.asian-efl-journal.com/Litz_thesis.pdf
Luke, A., & Dooley, K. (2011). Critical Literacy and Second Language Learning. In E. Hinkel (Ed.), Handbook of Research in Second Language Teaching and Learning (pp. 1–17). Routledge.
Luke, & Freebody. (1999). Further Notes on the Four Resources Model. Retrieved from www.readingonline/research/lukefreebody.html
Mambu, J. E. (2010). Personalizing Critical Pedagogies in Foreign Language Education. Yogyakarta: Sanata Dharma University Press.
Masduqi, H. (2011). Critical Thinking Skills and Meaning in English Language Teaching. TEFLIN Journal, 22(2), 185–200. Retrieved from http://journal.teflin.org/index.php/journal/article/view/26
Meraji, S. M., & Zamanian, M. (2014). Incorporation of L1 Culture into Second Language Materials Development: Benefits vs. Risks. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 98, 1128–1133. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2014.03.525
Nasional, B. S. (2016). Instrumen Penilaian Buku Teks Pelajaran Bahasa Indonesia Untuk Sekolah Menengah Pertama dan Sekolah Menengah Atas.
Oakhill, J., Cain, K., & Elbro, C. (2015). Understanding and Teaching Reading Comprehension. In Rouledge. Oxon: Routledge.
Paul, R., & Elder, L. (2013). Critical Thinking: Intellectual Standards Essential to Reasoning Well Within Every Domain of Human Thought. Journal of Developmental Education, 37(1), 32–36.
Plomp, T., & Nieveen, N. M. (2010). An Introduction to Educational Design Eesearch (T. Plomp & N. Nieveen, Eds.). Enschede: SLO Netherlands Institute for Curriculum Development.
Priyatni, E., & Nurhadi. (2017). Membaca Kritis dan Literasi Kritis (1st ed.). Tangerang: Tira Smart.
Qarqez, M., & Rashid, R. (2017). Reading Comprehension Difficulties among EFL Learners: The Case of First and Second -Year Students at Yarmouk University in Jordan. Arab World English Journal, 8(3), 421–431. https://doi.org/10.24093/awej/vol8no3.27
Rohadi, T. (2018). Critical Literacy Based Instructional Reading Materials. English Studies Journal, 11(1), 16–27.
Rohmah, G. N. (2018). Critical Reading: Students’ Problems, Strategies, and Reflections. Journal of English Language, Literature, and Teaching, 2(2), 20–24.
Setyorini, A. (2018). The Practice of Critical Literacy Teaching in EFL Classroom: A Case Study in a Reading Class in Indonesian Higher Education. The Tenth Conference on Applied Linguistics and the Second Language Teaching and Technology Conference, (May), 35–40. https://doi.org/10.5220/0007161600350040
Solikhah, I. (2018). Insufficient Preparation of Teaching Reading: What Should Teacher Challenge? IJOLTL: Indonesian Journal of Language Teaching and Linguistics, 3(3), 71–84. https://doi.org/10.30957/ijotl-tl.v3i3.499
Sugiyono. (2016). Metode Penelitian Kuantitatif, Kualitatif, R&d. Bandung: Penerbit Alfabeta.
Sukarjo. (2006). Kumpulan Materi Evaluasi Pembelajaran. Yogyakarta: Jurusan Teknologi Pembelajar. Program Pascasarjana Universitas Negeri Yogyakarta.
Sultan. (2018). Membaca Kritis Mengungkap Ideologi Teks dengan Pendekatan Literasi. Retrieved from chrome-extension://efaidnbmnnnibpcajpcglclefindmkaj/http://eprints.unm.ac.id/13027/1/Membaca Kritis full cover.pdf
Suryanto. (2017). An Investigation On English Reading Comprehension Problems In Indonesian Cultural Contexts. International Conference on Education, Science, Art and Technology, (July), 200–205. Retrieved from https://ojs.unm.ac.id/icesat/article/view/3738.
Tiarina, Y., Wahyuni, S., Fitri, D., Sakinah, N., & Afif, A. (2022). Pisa Reading Literacy: Encountering Female and Male’ Reading Literacy Ability. English Review: Journal of English Education, 10(2), 593–602. https://doi.org/10.25134/erjee.v10i2.6263
Tomlinson, B. (2011). Materials Development in Language Teaching (2nd ed.; B. Tomlinson, Ed.). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Velayati, N., Muslem, A., Fitriani, S. S., & Samad, I. A. (2017). An Exploration of Students’ Difficulties in Using Critical Thinking Skills in Reading. Al-Ta Lim Journal, 24(3), 195–206. https://doi.org/10.15548/jt.v24i3.298
Widyawati, Y., & Fitriah, F. (2023). Reading Self-Efficacy of EFL Students on Pre-Service Teaching Program and Practice in the EFL Classrooms. Pedagogy : Journal of English Language Teaching, 11(1), 99. https://doi.org/10.32332/joelt.v11i1.4770
Yadav, G. K. (2014). Issues and Challenges in Teaching Reading in The EFL Classrooms. In The ASHA Leader (Vol. 19). https://doi.org/10.1044/leader.ppl.19062014.20
Zhang, G. (2015). Learning Critical Literacy in ESL Classrooms. Creative Education, 6, 1316–1321.
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2023-12-11
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