SASTRA ISLAM NUSANTARA
PUISI GUGURITAN SUNDA DALAM TRADISI KEILMUAN ISLAM DI JAWA BARAT
Keywords:
Islam, sastra, Sunda, guguritan, literature, Sundanese, metrical verseAbstract
Jaringan Islam Nusantara yang terhubung dengan Haramayn telah merangsang berkembangnya tradisi intelektual Islam di sejumlah wilayah Nusantara. Di wilayah ini, tradisi Islam ditandai beragam kreatifitas lokal keagamaan dalam mengartikulasikan beragam elemen lokal ke dalam tradisi keilmuan Islam. Puisi guguritan Sunda atau dangding merupakan salah satu bentuk elemen lokal yang menghiasi tradisi keilmuan Islam di Jawa Barat. Dengan menggunakan pendekatan strukturalisme sastra, kajian ini memfokuskan pada penggunaan guguritan sebagai bagian dari eskpresi kreatifitas keilmuan Islam tersebut. Pembahasan diarahkan pada masalah pengaruh Islam terhadap sastra Sunda, perkembangan puisi guguritan, dan posisinya dalam tradisi keilmuan Islam di Jawa Barat. Guguritan digunakan sedikitnya dalam tiga tradisi keilmuan Islam, yakni tasawuf, terjemah dan tafsir Al-Qur’an, dan catatan tentang perjalanan haji. Guguritan sufistik menghasilkan kreatifitas sufistik Sunda yang menitikberatkan pada citra simbolis lokal. Terjemah dan tafsir Al-Qur’an berbentuk guguritan mampu menghadirkan sebuah nuansa puitisasi terjemah dan tafsir sufistik yang jauh lebih kompleks dibanding terjemah puitis lainnya. Sedangkan guguritan haji mampu merekam perjalanan historis haji sekaligus mengekspresikan pengalaman spiritual ibadah haji secara individual. Elemen spiritual kiranya menjadi pengikat utama dari ketiga tema keislaman tersebut, karena bahasa guguritan lebih dekat dengan eksrepsi pengalaman batin yang suci dan sakral dibanding bernuansa hiburan dan profan. Studi ini menegaskan bahwa beragam tema keislaman tersebut menjadi bukti bahwa sastra keagamaan memiliki pengaruh besar dalam proses indigenisasi Islam dan perkembangan bahasa dan sastra Nusantara. Sebuah warisan keagamaan Islam Nusantara yang menjadi bagian dari kekayaan khasanah keagamaan Islam di dunia.The network of Islam in Indonesia which is connected to Haramayn has stimulated the development of the Islamic intellectual tradition in some regions of the archipelago . In this region, the Islamic tradition was marked by diverse local creativity in articulating some local elements into the intellectual tradition of Islam. Guguritan or Sundanese metrical poetry is a form of local elements that marked the intellectual tradition of Islam in West Java. Using a literary structuralism approach, this study focused on the use of guguritan as part of the expression of the tradition. The discussion highlights the influence of Islam to Sundanese literature, the development of guguritan, and its position in the intellectual tradition of Islam in West Java. Guguritan is used in at least three intellectual tradition of Islam: sufism, translation of the Qur’an and its commentaries, and story on the pilgrimage to Mecca. Sufi’s work in the form of guguritan generates a creativity of Sundanese sufi on local symbolic imagery. Translations and commentaries of the Quran in the form of guguritanpresents a poetic translation and interpretation which more complex than others. While the hajj story in the form of guguritan shows the recording historical journey and express spiritual experience of hajj individually. Spiritual element is the main binder of the three themes of the guguritanworks, because it is closer to express the inner experience of the holiness and sacred rather than a profane and entertainment. This study suggests that a variety of guguritanthemes of local Islamic literature greatly influences in the process of indigenization of Islam in the archipelago. It is an Islamic religious heritage in the archipelago which at once becomes a part of Islamic religious heritage in the world..
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Published
2016-05-15
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