OPTIMALISASI PERAN BAITULMAL DALAM PENINGKATAN PUNGUTAN ZAKAT

KAJIAN TERHADAP FAKTOR PENENTU PEMBAYARAN ZAKAT DI ACEH

Authors

  • Nazaruddin A. Wahid Universitas Islam Negeri Ar Raniry Banda Aceh

Keywords:

Baitulmal, zakat, Aceh

Abstract

Tulisan ini membahas tentang peran baitulmal dalam peningkatan pungutan pajak, studi di Baitulmal Aceh. Baitulmal aceh merupakan punggung perekonomian masyarakat muslim dalam pengelolaan harta umat Islam dan juga mampu menjawab kebutuhan zaman moderen, terutama dalam hal pengelolaan zakat yang mengacu pada pertumbuhan ekonomi masyarakat miskin. Namun satu hal yang membuat peneliti merasa gelisah adalah dalam realitas didapati bahwa pungutan zakat oleh Baitulmal belum optimal.     Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk menemukan faktor-faktor penentu terhadap optimalisasi pungutan zakat, sehingga mencapai sasaran yang tepat dan sesuai dengan ketentuan syariat. Data diperoleh dari Batulmal kabupaten atau kota, responden yang terpilih dengan melakukan Focus GroupDiscution (FGD) dan responden bebas khususnya golongan penerima zakat, mereka tersebar di seluruh provinsi Aceh. Hasil kajian dapat ditemukan bahwa ada sejumlah faktor yang menyebabkan rendahnya perolehan zakat, diantaranya  faktor Qanun zakat, demografi atau lingkungan, keimanan,  pengetahuan masyarakat tentang zakat, kepercayaan kepada Baitulmal dan faktor kemudahan cara membayar zakat. Oleh karena itu, kajian ini merekomendasikan; (1) Penerapan qanun yang tegas dan jelas termasuk didalamnya sanksi hukum bagi yang lalai menunaikan kewajiban zakat. (2) Meningkatkan pelaksanaan pendidikan masyarakat mengenai manfaat zakat, dengan konsep-konsep tarbiyah yang pendekatannya lebih intensif untuk memberi pemahaman yang benar bagi muzakki, sehingga dapat memberikan kesadaran untuk membayar zakat melalui Baitulmal.
 

Baitulmal Aceh has been established based on Indonesian Act No. 44/1999 and Act No. 11/2006 with technical rules based on Qanun No. 10/2007. The Government of Aceh expects that the Baitulmal is able to support Muslims economy, managing their wealth, and providing answer to common contemporary problems in Muslim society. Baitulmal also plays a role in zakat management to empower poor communities. Nevertheless, in practice, zakat collection is not yet optimized. This gap on potential and reality in zakat collection should be comprehensively studied. This research aims to explore factors that contribute to the zakat collection optimization. The data is collected from Batulmal in each Districts of Aceh Province. The respondents are classified between those who are invited for a Focus GroupDiscussion (FGD) and those who are not. This research found some factors that cause non-optimal zakat collection, such as Qanun on Zakat, demographic/environment, religiosity, people understanding on zakat, their confidence on Baitulmal dan facilities to pay zakat to Baitulmal. Therefore, this study recommends the following; (1) legislate a clear and comphensive Qanun on Zakat, including sanctions to those who are not paying zakat. (2) Improve people’s education and awareness on zakat with an intensive tarbiyyah so that muzakki could have a proper understanding on zakat and willingness to pay zakat through Baitulmal.

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Published

2015-10-21

Issue

Vol. 20 No. 2 (2015): Islam dan Kesejahteraan Sosial

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