Melacak Akar Tradisi Pemikiran Rasional Dalam Islam

Abstract

Tradisi pemikiran rasional di dunia Islam ini mencapai puncaknya ketika terjadi interaksi secara intensif dengan pemikiran rasional (filsafat) Yunani melalui gerakan penerjemahan karya-karya Yunani ke dalam bahasa Arab. Namun pemikiran filsafat Yunani itu tidak serta merta diterima begitu saja oleh tokoh-tokoh intelektual muslim, melainkan ia mendapat penolakan dan kritik dari tokoh-tokoh intelektual muslim tersebut. Demikian pula halnya dengan para filosof muslim, mereka tidak begitu saja mengadopsi pemikiran filsafat Yunani, melainkan pemikiran filsafat tersebut mereka kembangkan lebih lanjut sehingga tidak dapat dikatakan sama persis atau bahkan jiplakan dari pemikiran filsafat Yunani. Sejak awal periode perkembangan peradaban Islam, umat Islam telah memiliki tradisi pemikiran rasional. Tradisi pemikiran rasional tersebut bermula dari pemikiran mengenai persoalan bahasa Arab (nahwu-sharf) dalam rangka mengatasi permasalahan membaca al-quran dan memahami maknanya secara benar. Kajian- kajian bahasa Arab ini kemudian mendorong munculnya pemikiran-pemikiran rasional di dunia Islam pada bidang-bidang kajian lainnya terutama fiqh, tafsir, dan kalam.

The tradition of rationalism in the Islamic world reached its peak during the intensive interaction with Greek rationalism (philosophy) through the translation movement of Greek works into Arabic. So, Greek philosophy had given great contributions for Islamic philosophy growth. However, Greek philosophy was not necessarily taken for granted by Muslim intellectuals, but it got some rejections and criticism from such Muslim intellectuals. Similarly, Muslim philosophers, they did not simply adopt the ideas of Greek philosophy, but they developed their own philosophical thoughts. Furthermore, unlike Greek  rationalism which is based on pure reason (secular), Islamic rationalism is the integration between the divine revelation and the reason. So, it can not be said exactly that Islamic rationalism (philosophy) is the same as or even a replica of Greek philosophy. Since the beginning of the development of Islamic civilization, Muslims have had a tradition of rationalism. The tradition of Islamic rationalism has its root in the thought of Arabic grammar (Nahwu-Sharf) in order to overcome problems of reading the Holy Qur'an and understanding its meaning properly. Arabic studies then encouraged the emergence of rational thought in the Islamic world on other object studies, especially Islamic Jurisprudence, Interpretation of the Quran, and Theology.