THE EROSION OF AL-MAWADDAH AND AR-RAHMAH VALUES IN MUSLIM MARRIAGES: A SOCIO-RELIGIOUS ANALYSIS OF MARITAL DYNAMICS IN LOMBOK
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.32332/akademika.v30i2.11580Keywords:
Marriage Relationship, Muslim Family, Marital Values, Islamic Marriage, Socio-Religious PerspectiveAbstract
This study examines the dynamics of marital relationships within the Muslim community of Lombok, where high religiosity does not necessarily correspond to the achievement of the noble purposes of marriage. The high divorce rate is taken as evidence of difficulties in realizing the values of al-mawaddah (love) and ar-rahmah (compassion) within marital life. Employing a descriptive-analytic approach, the research integrates social exchange theory and a socio-religious framework, supported by empirical data on divorce rates. The findings indicate that the erosion of al-mawaddah and ar-rahmah values stems from a paradigm shift-from a marriage model grounded in mutual rights and obligations to one emphasizing individual freedom. This shift leads to emotional imbalance, communication breakdown, rising expectations and transformations in social values. From an Islamic perspective, marriage is not merely a transactional contract but a sacred covenant (mitsaqan ghalidzan) imbued with religious meaning. Al-mawaddah generates deep emotional attachment, while ar-rahmah nurtures endurance, patience, and sacrifice, thereby reinforcing marital harmony. The study contributes to understanding social changes within the marital institution in Lombok and underscores the significance of al-mawaddah and ar-rahmah as essential principles in sustaining marital stability and preventing divorce.
Downloads
References
Abdullah, A., Hijrah, H., & Zarkasih, H. (2022). Criticizing the Muslim Divorce Tradition in Lombok: An Effort to Control the Women’s Rights. Justicia Islamica, 19(1), 57–73. https://doi.org/10.21154/justicia.v19i1.3168
Ad-Darmaky, S. I. S. (t.t.). Al-Mawaddah Wa Ar-Rahmah Fi Al-hayat Az-Zaujiyyah. Syabakah Bainunah Li Al-‘Ulum As-Syar’iyyah.
Afad, M. N., Ahmad, M., Fajariyah, N., Muniroh, S. M., & Basid, A. (2025). Social Innovation in Faith-Based Organizations: The Role of Nahdlatul Ulama in Preventing Early Adultery and Sexual Violence Among Indonesian Youth. Fikri : Jurnal Kajian Agama, Sosial Dan Budaya, 10(1), 220–236. https://doi.org/10.25217/jf.v10i1.5154
Agustian, K., Mukhlas, O. S., & Arfaizar, J. (2023). Marriage Law in Indonesia from a Legal Sociology Perspective. Russian Law Journal, 11(6). https://www.russianlawjournal.org/index.php/journal/article/view/3474
Ahmad, R., Nawaz, M. R., Ishaq, M. I., Khan, M. M., & Ashraf, H. A. (2023). Social exchange theory: Systematic review and future directions. Frontiers in Psychology, 13. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2022.1015921
Al-‘Aqqad, A. M. (2014). Al-Falsafat Al-Qur’aniyyah. Muassasah Hindawi.
Al-Bayyanuni. (2013). Waja’ala bainakum mawaddah wa Rahmah. https://almoslim.net/node/179347
Al-‘Uqaily, A. A.-R. (2017). Al-Mawaddah Wa Ar-Rahmah Fi Az-Ziwaj Al-Islami, Al-Utbah Al-Husainiyyah Al-Muqaddasah.
Andriani, R., & Zaini, H. (2022). Keluarga Sakinah Mawaddah Wa Rahmah Menurut Al-Qur’an Perspektif Wahbah Az-Zuhaili. Lathaif: Literasi Tafsir, Hadis Dan Filologi, 1(1), 1–20. https://doi.org/10.31958/lathaif.v1i1.5768
An-Najjar, A. A.-M. U. (1996). Qimatu Al-Insan, Kasablanka: Dar Az-Zaitunah Li An-Nasyr.
Arfaizar, J., Hak, N., Yusdani, Y., & Chasanah, L. (2023). Gender Dalam Sudut Pandang Antropologi Dan Islam: Analisis Cerai Gugat Pada Tenaga Migran Di Pengadilan Agama Trenggalek. Al-Mawarid Jurnal Syariah Dan Hukum (JSYH), 5(2), Article 2. https://doi.org/10.20885/mawarid.vol5.iss2.art1
Asmuni, A., & Adikara, R. N. A. R. N. (2024). Application of Very Urgent Criteria in The Marriage Dispensation Norms for the Protection of Children: Analysis of Jasser Auda’s Theory. Jurnal Hukum Islam, 22(1), Article 1. https://doi.org/10.28918/jhi_v22i1_2
As-Surjani, R. (t.t.). Al-Akhlaq Wa Al-Qiyam Fi Al-Hadharah Al-Islamiyyah.
As-Sya’rawi, M. M. (t.t.). Khawathir As-Syaikh As-Sya’rawi haula Al-Qur’an Al-Karim.
Azhari, D., Asmuni, A., & Nasution, K. (2025). Reassessing Tajdid al-Nikah: Maqasid al-Shariah and Legal Status of Illegitimate Children in Central Lombok. Justicia Islamica, 22(1), 1–24. https://doi.org/10.21154/justicia.v22i1.7343
Azhari, D., & Qalyubi, S. (2023). The Rights of Sasak Noble Muslim Women in Choosing A Mate: An Analysis of The Marriage of Noble Women With Jajar Karang Men From The Perspective of Islamic Law. Al-’Adalah, 20(2), 381–404. https://doi.org/10.24042/adalah.v20i2.18416
Az-Zuhaili, W. (1991). At-Tafsir Al-Munir Fi Al-’Aqidah wa As-Syari’ah wa Al-Minhaj. Dar Al-Fikr.
Bainon, M., Fautanu, I., Solihin, D., Khosyi’ah, S., & Ridwan, A. H. (2024). The Role of Islamic Law in the Equitable Division of Joint Assets Post-Divorce Within Urban Society: A Descriptive Study of Its Application in Bandung High Religious Court. Akademika : Jurnal Pemikiran Islam, 29(2), 255–272. https://doi.org/10.32332/akademika.v29i2.9229
Budiwanti, E., & Eidhamar, L. G. (2024). Religious Diversity in Lombok: Peaceful Coexistence or Minorities at Risk? Religions, 15(12), Article 12. https://doi.org/10.3390/rel15121544
Dahlan, Z. (2024). Qur’ān Karīm dan Terjemahan Artinya. Ctk. 28. UII Press.
Djawas, M., Nadhiran, H., Samad, S. A. A., Mubarrak, Z., & Azizi, M. A. (2022). Creating Family Resilience in Indonesia: A Study of “Marriage Guidance” Program in Aceh and South Sumatera. AL-IHKAM: Jurnal Hukum & Pranata Sosial, 17(1), Article 1. https://doi.org/10.19105/al-lhkam.v17i1.6150
Donati, P. (Ed.). (t.t.). The Family as a Relational Good: The Challenge of Love. Dalam The Proceedings of the 23rd Plenary Session. THE PONTIFICAL ACADEMY OF SOCIAL SCIENCES. https://www.pass.va/content/dam/casinapioiv/pass/pdf-volumi/acta/acta-23-pass.pdf
Erwinsya, E., Handoyo, E., & Arsal, T. (2020). Merariq Tradition of Sasak Tribe in Social Construction and National Law. JESS (Journal of Educational Social Studies), 9(1), Article 1. https://journal.unnes.ac.id/sju/jess/article/view/43255
Fairiza, A., & Widyatama, R. (2024). Merariq Dalam Pernikahan Suku Sasak: Analisis Komunikasi Dan Dinamika Sosial Dalam Ritual Penculikan. Jurnal Analisa Sosiologi, 13(1), Article 1. https://doi.org/10.20961/jas.v13i1.74926
Fauzi, F., Ashilah, A. A., & Maisaroh, M. (2020). The polemic of the controversial articles on the Family Resilience bill from the perspective of Islamic law, psychology, and social communication. Ijtihad : Jurnal Wacana Hukum Islam Dan Kemanusiaan, 20(1), Article 1. https://doi.org/10.18326/ijtihad.v20i1.115-146
Fitriyanti, T. F. (2023). Analysis of Merariq Kodeq Tradition Practiced by Sasak Indigenous People in Lombok Based on Max Weber and Georg Simmel’s Theory. Eduvest - Journal of Universal Studies, 3(6), 1177–1185. https://doi.org/10.59188/eduvest.v3i6.850
Ghazali, A. H. A. (2019). Ihya’ Ulumuddin (T. I. Yakub, Penerj.).
Giddens, A., & Giddens, B. (1999). Jalan Ketiga: Pembaruan Demokrasi Sosial. Penerjemah, Ketut Arya Mahardika. Gramedia Pustaka Utama.
Hak, N., Yusdani, Y., & Arfaizar, J. (2022). Pergeseran Makna Esensi Pernikahan Di Kecamatan Pedamaran Kabupaten Ogan Komering Ilir Provinsi Sumatera Selatan – Studi Kasus Sosiologi Hukum Keluarga. Al-Mabsut : Jurnal Studi Islam Dan Sosial, 16(2), 169–184. https://doi.org/10.56997/almabsut.v16i2.686
Ḥamīd, S. Ṣāliḥ bin ʿAbdullāh bin, & Malūḥ, A. ar‑Raḥmān bin M. bin ʿAbd ar‑Raḥmān bin. (1997). Mausu’atu Nazrati An-Na’im Fi Makarim Akhlaq Rasul SAW. Dar al-Wasilah Li an-Nasyri Wa At-Tauzi’i.
Ibrahim, M. S. R. (2023). The Concept of Marriage from the Hasbi Ash-Shiddieqy Perspective: An Approach Maqasidi on Verses of Polygamy and Inter-Religious Marriage Tafsir an-Nuur. MIQOT: Jurnal Ilmu-Ilmu Keislaman, 47(1), Article 1. https://doi.org/10.30821/miqot.v47i1.1078
Karna, W., Stefaniuk, I., & Saadati, N. (2023). Changing Perceptions of Marriage and Family Life Among Millennials. Journal of Psychosociological Research in Family and Culture, 1(4), 35–41. https://doi.org/10.61838/kman.jprfc.1.4.6
Kasir, I. I. (1998). Tafsir Al-Qur’an Al-‘Azim. Dar Al-Kutub Al-‘Ilmiyyah.
Kemenag. (t.t.). Menag Usulkan Revisi UU Perkawinan, Tambahkan Bab Pelestarian Rumah Tangga. https://kemenag.go.id. Diambil 7 Juli 2025, dari https://kemenag.go.id/nasional/menag-usulkan-revisi-uu-perkawinan-tambahkan-bab-pelestarian-rumah-tangga-BqxTM
Kementerian Agama RI. (2021). Laporan Statistik Perkawinan di Indonesia. Kemenag RI.
Khairurrizki, M. (2024, September 19). Angka Perceraian di Lombok Timur Cenderung Meningkat Lantaran Faktor Ekonomi. NTBSatu. https://ntbsatu.com/2024/09/19/angka-perceraian-di-lombok-timur-cenderung-meningkat-lantaran-faktor-ekonomi.html
Khalid, H. A. A.-S. (2022). At-Tawujihat An-Nazariyyah Al-Mufassirah Li Al-Ikhtiyar Li Az-Ziwaj in Majallatu Buhusi Syarqi Al-Ausath.
Lestari, P. A. (2024). Gender Equity in Islamic Marriage and Divorce: A Narrative Review. Sinergi International Journal of Islamic Studies, 2(4), 203–214. https://doi.org/10.61194/ijis.v2i4.611
Li, L. (2025). The Influence of Individualism on Youth’s View of Marriage in China. Global Review of Humanities, Arts, and Society, 1(3), 113–128. https://doi.org/10.63802/grhas.v1.i3.70
Madjid, N. (2000). Islam, Doktrin dan Peradaban. Paramadina.
Mahkamah Agung RI. (2025). Direktori Putusan. https://putusan3.mahkamahagung.go.id/direktori/index/pengadilan/pa-selong/kategori/perceraian.html
Mo, L. (2016). A Review of the Determinants of Divorce: A Cross-National Perspective. International Journal of Sociology of the Family, 42(1/2), 29–47. https://www.jstor.org/stable/44504669
Musthafa, H., Azwar, Z., Mardiyah, A., & Hasibuan, M. H. A. (2025). From Counsel to the Aisle: The Practice of Markobar within the Framework of ‘Urf and the Ideal Concept of Marriage in Mandailing. Ahlika: Jurnal Hukum Keluarga Dan Hukum Islam, 2(1), 91–124. https://doi.org/10.70742/ahlika.v2i1.249
Nafisah, D., Nasrudin, N., Meidina, A. R., & Zain, M. F. (2024). Comparative Analysis of Islamic Family Law and Normative Law: Examining the Causes of Divorce in Purwokerto, Indonesia. Samarah: Jurnal Hukum Keluarga Dan Hukum Islam, 8(2), 847–871. https://doi.org/10.22373/sjhk.v8i2.16825
Nasir, M. A. (2020). Religion, Law, and Identity: Contending Authorities on Interfaith Marriage in Lombok, Indonesia. Islam and Christian–Muslim Relations. https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/09596410.2020.1773618
Orb, A., Eisenhauer, L., & Wynaden, D. (2001). Ethics in Qualitative Research. Journal of Nursing Scholarship, 33(1), 93–96. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1547-5069.2001.00093.x
Parker, G., Durante, K. M., Hill, S. E., & Haselton, M. G. (2022). Why women choose divorce: An evolutionary perspective. Current Opinion in Psychology, 43, 300–306. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.copsyc.2021.07.020
Pietilä, A.-M., Nurmi, S.-M., Halkoaho, A., & Kyngäs, H. (2020). Qualitative Research: Ethical Considerations. Dalam H. Kyngäs, K. Mikkonen, & M. Kääriäinen (Ed.), The Application of Content Analysis in Nursing Science Research (hlm. 49–69). Springer International Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-30199-6_6
Qal’aji, M. R., & Qunaibi, H. S. (1988). Mu’jam Lugatu Al-Fuqaha’ (2 ed.). Dar An-Nafa’is.
Quthub, S. (2003). Fi Zilal Al-Qur’an. Dar As-Syuruq.
Reiss, D., Ganiban, J. M., Leve, L. D., Neiderhiser, J. M., Shaw, D. S., & Natsuaki, M. N. (2022). Parenting in the Context of the Child: Genetic and Social Processes. Monographs of the Society for Research in Child Development, 87(1–3), 7–188. https://doi.org/10.1111/mono.12460
Sari, R. M., Rodiah, I., Fauzi, A., & Bahari, L. P. J. (2024). An examination of Talal Asad’s anthropological thought on the Islamic community of Sasak Lombok. Indonesian Journal of Islam and Muslim Societies, 14(1), Article 1. https://doi.org/10.18326/ijims.v14i1.117-144
Sari, W., Arif, M., & Elkhairati, E. (2021). Pemikiran Ibrahim Hosen Tentang Konsep Pernikahan dan Kontribusinya Terhadap Pembaruan Hukum Perkawinan di Indonesia. Al-Istinbath: Jurnal Hukum Islam, 6(1 May), Article 1 May. https://doi.org/10.29240/jhi.v6i1.2540
Shihab, M. Q. (2007). Wawasan Al-Qur’an: Tafsir Maudhu’i atas Berbagai Persoalan Umat. Mizan.
Sufyanto, S. (2024). Panorama History of Social Exchange Theory: Sejarah Panorama Teori Pertukaran Sosial. Kanal: Jurnal Ilmu Komunikasi, 13(1), 56–63. https://doi.org/10.21070/kanal.v13i1.1800
Sulfinadia, H., Roszi, J. P., Puspita, M., Fadli, A., & Fadli, A. (2025). The Phenomenon Marriage is Scary: Causal Factors and Efforts Faced by Muslim Communities in Indonesia. Al-Istinbath: Jurnal Hukum Islam, 10(1), 355–377. https://doi.org/10.29240/jhi.v10i1.12414
Surjanti, S., & S, B. S. E. (2023). The Importance of Economic Factors As The Cause of Divorce In The Tulungagung Religious Court. Journal Research of Social Science, Economics, and Management, 2(8), 1728–1733. https://doi.org/10.59141/jrssem.v2i08.398
Syafi’i, I., Faiqoh, R., & Fronzoni, V. (2023). Concept of Misaqan Ghalidzan in Contemporary Interpretation of Quraish Shihab Thoughts. MILRev: Metro Islamic Law Review, 2(2), 115–133. https://doi.org/10.32332/milrev.v2i2.7807
Tim Penulis. (1991). Kompilasi Hukum Islam. Mahkamah Agung RI.
Usman, M., Abdullah, A., Kafrawi, K., & Jafar, M. (2024). The Role of Customary Law in Family Resilience and Divorce Prevention: Phenomenological Studies in Indonesia. Al-Istinbath: Jurnal Hukum Islam, 9(2), Article 2. https://doi.org/10.29240/jhi.v9i2.9685
Wirahadi, U. (t.t.). Perceraian di Lobar Tinggi, Setahun Muncul 1.519 Janda-Duda Baru—Lombok Post. Perceraian di Lobar Tinggi, Setahun Muncul 1.519 Janda-Duda Baru - Lombok Post. Diambil 7 Juli 2025, dari https://lombokpost.jawapos.com/giri-menang/1505504176/perceraian-di-lobar-tinggi-setahun-muncul-1519-janda-duda-baru
Yalçın, İ. (2020). The Fitrah Line in Change and Innovation*. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4673031
Yusdani, Arifai, A., & Arfaizar, J. (2023). The Jejuluk in Komering tribe weddings in the globalization from a siyasa perspective. Ijtihad : Jurnal Wacana Hukum Islam Dan Kemanusiaan, 23(2), 211–234. https://doi.org/10.18326/ijtihad.v23i2.211-234
Yusdani, Y., Arfaizar, J., Asmuni, A., Ks, M., & Arifai, A. (2025). Development of Islamic Law in Indonesia: Explore Traces, Legacy and Contributions Ahmad Azhar Basyir’s Thoughts. Samarah: Jurnal Hukum Keluarga Dan Hukum Islam, 9(1), Article 1. https://doi.org/10.22373/sjhk.v9i1.17079
Zuhdi, M. H. (2012). Islam Wetu Telu Di Bayan Lombok: Dialektika Islam Dan Budaya Lokal. Akademika : Jurnal Pemikiran Islam, 17(2), 197–218. https://e-journal.metrouniv.ac.id/akademika/article/view/164
ʿĀsyūr, M. at-Ṭāhir bin. (1984). Tafsir At-Tahrir Wa At-Tanwir. Dar At-Tunisiyyah Li An-Nasyr.
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2025 Asmuni, Yusdani; Januariansyah Arfaizar; Jasni Bin Sulong
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
