Pengaruh Ketimpangan Gender, Tingkat Partisipasi Angkatan Kerja, dan Kepadatan Penduduk terhadap Pertumbuhan Ekonomi di Indonesia

Authors

  • Okta Adioni Tinokae Rahma Suci Sunan Kalijaga State Islamic University Yogyakarta image/svg+xml

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.32332/tapis.v10i1.11417

Keywords:

Gender Inequality, Labor Force Participation Rate, Population Density, Ordinary Least Squares, Eviews

Abstract

This study aims to analyze the effects of gender inequality, labor force participation rates, and population density on economic growth in Indonesia. The study uses panel data from 34 provinces in Indonesia for the period 2019–2023, obtained from the Central Statistics Agency (BPS). The research method used is multiple linear regression with the Ordinary Least Squares (OLS) approach, analyzed using EViews 12. The results indicate that gender inequality has a significant negative effect on economic growth. Meanwhile, labor force participation rates and population density have a significant positive effect on economic growth in Indonesia. The adjusted R-squared value of 0.9773 indicates that 97.73% of the variation in economic growth can be explained by the independent variables in this study. These findings suggest that reducing gender inequality and increasing labor force participation can support sustainable economic growth in Indonesia.

References

Ajat Rukajat. (2018). Pendekatan penelitian kuantitatif. Deepublish.

Badan Pusat Statistik, & Sitorus, A. V. Y. (2016). Dampak ketimpangan gender terhadap pertumbuhan ekonomi di Indonesia. Sosio Informa, 2(1), 89–101. https://doi.org/10.33007/inf.v2i1.190

Cuberes, D., & Teignier, M. (2014). Gender inequality and economic growth: A critical review. Journal of International Development, 26(2), 260–276. https://doi.org/10.1002/jid.2983

Firdani, L. C., Fathorrazi, M., & Yuliati, L. (2023). Pengaruh tingkat partisipasi angkatan kerja, inflasi dan investasi terhadap laju pertumbuhan ekonomi di Indonesia tahun 1986–2020. Jurnal Ekuilibrium, 7(2), 142–155. https://doi.org/10.19184/jek.v7i2.33116

Ghozali, I. (2006). Aplikasi analisis multivariate dengan program SPSS. Badan Penerbit Universitas Diponegoro.

Gujarati, D. N., & Porter, D. C. (2008). Basic econometrics (5th ed.). McGraw-Hill Education.

Handrian, O. S., & Indrajaya, I. G. B. (2022). Pengaruh tingkat pendidikan, tenaga kerja, tingkat pertumbuhan penduduk, dan kepadatan penduduk terhadap pertumbuhan ekonomi kabupaten/kota di Provinsi Jawa Timur. E-Jurnal Ekonomi Pembangunan Universitas Udayana, 11(3), 887–916. https://doi.org/10.24843/EEP.2022.v11.i03.p04

Jahril, S. P. (2024). Peran indeks gender, pemberdayaan, populasi, dan kemiskinan terhadap pertumbuhan ekonomi di Kabupaten Barru. Bulletin of Economic Studies (BEST), 3(3), 313–324. https://doi.org/10.24252/best.v3i3.43747

Kaban, R. F., & Purnawarman, D. A. (2024). How gender, region, and lifestyle affect the decision toward Islamic financial literacy of the millennial generation in Greater Jakarta. Indikator: Jurnal Ilmiah Manajemen dan Bisnis, 8(3), 14–27. https://doi.org/10.22441/indikator.v8i3.28104

Kementerian Lingkungan Hidup dan Kehutanan. (2025, June 15). Pengenalan PUG kepada calon auditor dan pegawai lingkup Itjen KLHK. Inspektorat Jenderal KLHK. https://itjen.menlhk.go.id/berita/pengenalan-pug-kepada-calon-auditor-dan-pegawai-lingkup-itjen-klhk

Pratita, K. D., & Woyanti, N. (2024). Analisis pengaruh pendidikan, pengangguran, kemiskinan, ketimpangan pendapatan, dan kepadatan penduduk terhadap kriminalitas di Provinsi Jawa Timur tahun 2018–2022. JEPP: Jurnal Ekonomi Pembangunan dan Pariwisata, 4(2), 144–157. https://doi.org/10.52300/jepp.v4i2.16551

Pratiwi, N. P. A., & Indrajaya, I. G. B. (2019). Pengaruh pertumbuhan ekonomi dan pengeluaran pemerintah terhadap penyerapan tenaga kerja serta kesejahteraan masyarakat di Provinsi Bali. Buletin Studi Ekonomi, 24(2), 220–233. https://doi.org/10.24843/BSE.2019.v24.i02.p05

Rahmawati, F., & Hidayah, Z. M. (2020). Menelusur relasi indeks pembangunan gender terhadap pertumbuhan ekonomi. EcceS (Economics, Social, and Development Studies), 7(1), 105–123. https://doi.org/10.24252/ecc.v7i1.13919

Shari, R. M., & Abubakar, J. (2022). Pengaruh pertumbuhan penduduk, angka partisipasi sekolah dan tingkat partisipasi angkatan kerja terhadap pertumbuhan ekonomi pada lima provinsi di Indonesia. Jurnal Ekonomi Regional Unimal, 5(2), 58–66. https://doi.org/10.29103/jeru.v5i2.8310

Sulisto, D., Nurhayati, N., Syafri, S., Purba, S. F., & Aritonang, K. B. (2023). Does women’s role have an influence on economic growth in Indonesia? Economics Development Analysis Journal, 12(3), 281–292. https://doi.org/10.15294/edaj.v12i3.67081

Suparman, S. (2021). Gender development and empowerment effect on income inequality and poverty. International Journal of Environmental, Sustainability, and Social Science, 2(2), 98–108. https://doi.org/10.38142/ijesss.v2i2.192

Trading Economics. (2025). Indonesia labor force participation rate. Retrieved July 7, 2025, from https://id.tradingeconomics.com/indonesia/labor-force-participation-rate

Wafiq, A. N. (2018). Analisis pertumbuhan ekonomi dan kepadatan penduduk terhadap kualitas lingkungan hidup di Indonesia tahun 2010–2016 (Skripsi, Universitas Sebelas Maret). Universitas Sebelas Maret Institutional Repository. https://digilib.uns.ac.id/dokumen/61555/Analisis-Pertumbuhan-Ekonomi-dan-Kepadatan-Penduduk-terhadap-Kualitas-Lingkungan-Hidup-di-Indonesia-Tahun-2010-2016

Wibawa, R., Budiartiningsih, R., Kornita, S. E., Maulida, Y., & Nurmayanti M, P. (2024). The influence of gender inequality on economic growth in Riau Province 2012–2021. KnE Social Sciences, 756–770. https://doi.org/10.18502/kss.v9i23.16748

Widarjono, A. (2007). Ekonometrika: Teori dan aplikasi untuk ekonomi dan bisnis. Ekonisia.

Yakubu, M. M., Akanegbu, B. N., & James, G. (2020). Labour force participation and economic growth in Nigeria. Advances in Management and Applied Economics, 10(1), 1–15.

Yuda, P. M. A., & Idris, I. (2022). Analisis kepadatan penduduk, pertumbuhan ekonomi dan anggaran lingkungan terhadap kualitas lingkungan hidup di Indonesia. Jurnal Kajian Ekonomi dan Pembangunan, 4(2), 53–64. https://doi.org/10.24036/jkep.v4i2.13362

Yunianto, D. (2021). Analisis pertumbuhan dan kepadatan penduduk terhadap pertumbuhan ekonomi. Forum Ekonomi, 23(4), 688–698. https://doi.org/10.30872/jfor.v23i4.10233

Downloads

Published

2026-06-03