BEYOND THE BOARDROOM: HOW GENDER DYNAMICS AND OWNERSHIP STRUCTURES SHAPE CORPORATE WATER DISCLOSURE IN AN EMERGING MARKET
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.32332/finansia.v9i2.13271Keywords:
Women's Leadership, Institutional Ownership, Foreign Ownership, Managerial Ownership, Water DisclosureAbstract
This study looks at how female leadership and ownership structure, measured by institutional, foreign, and managerial ownership, affect water-related information disclosure in manufacturing companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange from 2022 to 2024. Using a quantitative methodology and panel data regression techniques to analyse 102 companies, after adjusting for outliers from the initial sample of 108 companies, the study finds that female leadership harms water knowledge disclosure. Meanwhile, institutional ownership has no significant effect on water-related information disclosure. On the other hand, foreign and managerial ownership are found to have a positive and significant impact on water-related information disclosure. Findings show that not all corporate governance approaches are equally effective in improving environmental transparency, highlighting the importance of international investors and internal management in boosting transparent disclosure policies.
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