Wajah Hukum “Bermuka Dua” dalam Regulasi Usia Perkawinan di Indonesia
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.32332/syakhshiyyah.v4i1.9174Keywords:
Two-Faced, Marriage Age, IndonesiaAbstract
The legal age of marriage in Indonesia has become a compelling issue and has been extensively studied by scholars. Although the national law stipulates that the legal age of marriage must be 19 years for both males and females, inpractice, some loopholes can be exploited, specifically through marriage dispensation. This article aims to elucidate the disparity between "law in the book" and "law in action." Using a literature review with a normative approach and employing Herbert Lionel Adolphus Hart's theory of legal expression as an analytical framework, this study finds that significant reforms have occurred in Indonesia's marriage law, as promulgated through Law No. 16 of 2019, whichraised the minimum legal age of marriage to 19 years for both males and females. This reform aims to reduce cases of early marriage, support gender equality, and improve the quality of life in line with international human rights standards. It is dubbed the "Front-Faced Law." On the other hand, Indonesia maintains flexibility in its legal system by allowing marriage dispensations, which provide exceptions to this rule under certain circumstances, referred to as the "Back-Faced Law." Itcreates a duality or "Two-Faced" nature in the legal system, reflecting a legal expression that balances the desire for progressive reform with the recognition of the need for fair and flexible policies in addressing the complexities of social realities.
References
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Kharlie, Ahmad Tholabi, Fathudin Fathudin, dan Windy Triana. “Reforming Islamic Marriage Bureaucracy in Indonesia: Approaches and Impacts.” Al-Jami’ah: Journal of Islamic Studies 59, no. 2 (2021): 255–86. https://doi.org/10.14421/ajis.2021.592.255-286.
Lasmadi, Sahuri, Kartika Sasi Wahyuningrum, dan Hari Sutra Disemadi. “Kebijakan Perbaikan Norma Dalam Menjangkau Batasan Minimal Umur Perkawinan.” Gorontalo Law Review 3, no. 1 (2020): 1–16. https://doi.org/10.32662/golrev.v3i1.846.
Lestari, Rizqi Tri, dan Jejen Hendar. “Dispensasi Perkawinan Anak dibawah Umur menurut UU Perkawinan dengan Al Maqasyid Syariah.” Jurnal Riset Ilmu Hukum, 2022, 19–22. https://doi.org/10.29313/jrih.v2i1.655.
Miqat, N., H.S. Bakhtiar, S. Salam, K. Tridewiyanti, dan K.M. Ibrahim. “The Development of Indonesian Marriage Law in Contemporary Era.” De Jure: Jurnal Hukum dan Syar’iah 15, no. 1 (2023): 54–66. https://doi.org/10.18860/j-fsh.v15i1.17461.
Mursalin, Ayub. “Legalitas Perkawinan Beda Agama: Mengungkap Disparitas Putusan Pengadilan di Indonesia.” Undang: Jurnal Hukum 6, no. 1 (2023): 113–50. https://doi.org/10.22437/ujh.6.1.113-150.
Runciman, David. Political Hypocrisy. The Mask of Power, from Hobbes to Orwell and Beyond. New Jersey: Princeton University Press, 2008. https://doi.org/10.1515/9781400828197.
Salim, Elycia Feronia, Sonny Dewi Judiasih, dan Deviana Yuanitasari. “Persamaan Syarat Usia Perkawinan Sebagai Wujud Kesetaraan Gender Dalam Meminimalisir Perkawinan Bawah Umur Di Indonesia.” ACTA DIURNAL Jurnal Ilmu Hukum Kenotariatan 5, no. 1 (2021): 1–19. https://doi.org/10.23920/acta.v5i1.519.
Sebyar, Muhamad Hasan. “Politik Hukum Undang-Undang Nomor 16 Tahun 2019 Tentang Perubahan Atas Undang-Undang Nomor 1 Tahun 1974 Tentang Perkawinan.” IUS: Jurnal Ilmiah Fakultas Hukum 9, no. 01 (2022): 47–65. https://doi.org/10.51747/ius.v0i01.963.
Shahrullah, R.S., F. Firdaus, E. Syarief, A. Rahmadhony, A. Situmeang, S.L. Nasution, N. Nurlaily, S. Kistiana, dan D.G. Nugraha. “Dilemmas faced by judges when granting marriage dispensations for child marriages in West Java, Indonesia.” International Journal of Law, Policy and the Family 37, no. 1 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1093/lawfam/ebad035.
Sugitanata, Arif. “Product Renewal in the Field of Family Law in Indonesia.” Law and Justice 6, no. 1 (2021): 62–79. https://doi.org/10.23917/laj.v6i1.10699.
Sugitanata, Arif, dan Hamim Ilyas. “Menggali Ukuran Kedewasaan Dalam Melangsungkan Perkawinan Perspektif Al-Qur’an.” AT-TA’LIM 2, no. 2 (2023): 45–55. https://ejournal.unwmataram.ac.id/taklim/article/view/1655.
Sugitanata, Arif, Suud Sarim Karimullah, dan Rizal Al Hamid. “Hukum Positif dan Hukum Islam: Analisis Tata Cara Menemukan Hukum dalam Kacamata Hukum Positif dan Hukum Islam.” JURISY: Jurnal Ilmiah Syariah 3, no. 1 (2023): 1–22. https://doi.org/10.37348/jurisy.v3i1.242.
Sumardi, Dedy, Ratno Lukito, dan Moch Nur Ichwan. “Legal pluralism within the space of Sharia: Interlegality of criminal law traditions in Aceh, Indonesia.” Samarah: Jurnal Hukum Keluarga Dan Hukum Islam 5, no. 1 (2021): 426–49. https://doi.org/10.22373/sjhk.v5i1.9303.
Wibowo, Agung, dan Arif Sugitanata. “Teori Pertingkatan Norma Dan Penemuan Hukum Islam (Pendalaman Dan Rekonstruksi Konsep).” JURNAL DARUSSALAM: Pemikiran Hukum Tata Negara Dan Perbandingan Mazhab 3, no. 1 (2023): 79–96. https://doi.org/10.59259/jd.v3i1.50.
Al Hamid, Rizal, Arif Sugitanata, dan Suud Sarim Karimullah. “Sinkronisasi Pendekatan Sosiologis Dengan Penemuan Hukum Islam Sui Generis Kum Empiris.” Bertuah Jurnal Syariah dan Ekonomi Islam 4, no. 1 (2023): 48–60.
Alghifari, Alfian, Nuzha Nuzha, dan Dwi Utami Hidaya Nur. “Efektivitas Undang-Undang Nomor 16 Tahun 2019 Tentang Perkawinan Dalam Menurunkan Angka Pernikahan Usia Dini Di Kabupaten Polewali Mandar: Studi di Pengadilan Agama Polewali Mandar.” QISTHOSIA: Jurnal Syariah dan Hukum 2, no. 2 (2021): 121–40. https://doi.org/10.46870/jhki.v2i2.129.
Bukido, R., N. Harun, M. Alwi, dan F.F. Kamaru. “Muslim Society’s Response to the New Rule of Marriage Age.” Al-Istinbath: Jurnal Hukum Islam 8, no. 1 (2023): 135–54. https://doi.org/10.29240/jhi.v8i1.5521.
Efrinaldi, Efrinaldi, Iim Fahimah, Shafra Shafra, Yusuf Ridho Billah, dan Andi Eka Putra. “Tinjauan Maslahah Terhadap Politik Hukum Penetapan Batas Minimal Usia Perkawinan Dalam Undang-Undang Nomor 16 Tahun 2019 Perubahan Atas Undang-Undang Nomor 1 Tahun 1974 Tentang Perkawinan.” Ijtimaiyya: Jurnal Pengembangan Masyarakat Islam 15, no. 1 (2022): 99–128. https://doi.org/10.24042/ijpmi.v15i1.11778.
Fitria, Rizal Arif, Ahmadi Hasan, dan Masyithah Umar. “Dispensasi Kawin dan Pemenuhan Hak Anak: Studi Pengaruh terhadap Hak-hak Anak dalam Konteks Hukum dan Sosial.” Indonesian Journal of Islamic Jurisprudence, Economic and Legal Theory 1, no. 4 (2023): 749–67. https://www.shariajournal.com/index.php/IJIJEL/article/view/201.
Haryadi, Suciati Ningsih, dan Muthia Septarina. “Tinjauan Yuridis Pernikahan Dini Dan Upaya Perlindungan Anak Di Indonesia Berdasarkan Undang-Undang No. 16 Tahun 2019 Perubahan Atas Undang-Undang Nomor 1 Tahun 1974 Tentang Perkawinan.” SULTAN ADAM: Jurnal Hukum dan Sosial 1, no. 1 (2023): 35–47. http://qjurnal.my.id/index.php/sultanadam/article/view/161.
Herbert Lionel Adolphus Hart. The Concept of Law. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1961.
Heryanti, Rini. “Implementasi Perubahan Kebijakan Batas Usia Perkawinan.” Jurnal Ius Constituendum 6, no. 1 (2021): 120–43. https://doi.org/10.26623/jic.v6i1.3190.
Hidayah, Nur Putri, dan Komariah Komariah. “Sosialisasi Undang-undang Nomor 16 Tahun 2019 Sebagai Upaya Penyadaran Pemahaman Hukum Tentang Usia Minimum Pernikahan.” Jurnal Pengabdian Hukum Indonesia (Indonesian Journal of Legal Community Engagement) JPHI 3, no. 2 (2021): 206–18. https://doi.org/10.15294/jphi.v3i2.44685.
Huzaimah, Arne, Muhammad Abdillah, Nur Quma Laila, M. Tamudin, dan Tri Marhaeni Puji Astuti. “Disregarding the Reproductive Rights of Women in Child Marriage in Indonesia.” Samarah: Jurnal Hukum Keluarga dan Hukum Islam 7, no. 2 (2023): 1097–1120. https://doi.org/10.22373/sjhk.v7i2.14803.
Iqbal, Muhammad, dan Rabiah Rabiah. “Penafsiran dispensasi perkawinan bagi anak di bawah umur (Analisis beberapa putusan Mahkamah Syar’iyah Aceh).” El-Usrah: Jurnal Hukum Keluarga 3, no. 1 (2020): 101–14. https://doi.org/10.22373/ujhk.v3i1.7708.
Irham, Muhammad Aqil. Demokrasi Muka Dua: Membaca Ulang Pilkada di Indonesia. Jakarta: Kepustakaan Populer Gramedia, 2016.
Ishom, M. “The Loose Interpretation of Dominus Litis Principle in Marriage Dispensation for Underage Marriage in Banten.” Ahkam: Jurnal Ilmu Syariah 23, no. 2 (2023): 329–50. https://doi.org/10.15408/ajis.v23i2.29881.
Judiasih, Sonny Dewi, Susilowati Suparto Dajaan, dan Bambang Daru Nugroho. “Kontradiksi antara dispensasi kawin dengan upaya meminimalisir perkawinan bawah umur di Indonesia.” ACTA DIURNAL Jurnal Ilmu Hukum Kenotariatan 3, no. 2 (2020): 203–22. https://jurnal.fh.unpad.ac.id/index.php/acta/article/view/221.
Kharlie, Ahmad Tholabi, Fathudin Fathudin, dan Windy Triana. “Reforming Islamic Marriage Bureaucracy in Indonesia: Approaches and Impacts.” Al-Jami’ah: Journal of Islamic Studies 59, no. 2 (2021): 255–86. https://doi.org/10.14421/ajis.2021.592.255-286.
Lasmadi, Sahuri, Kartika Sasi Wahyuningrum, dan Hari Sutra Disemadi. “Kebijakan Perbaikan Norma Dalam Menjangkau Batasan Minimal Umur Perkawinan.” Gorontalo Law Review 3, no. 1 (2020): 1–16. https://doi.org/10.32662/golrev.v3i1.846.
Lestari, Rizqi Tri, dan Jejen Hendar. “Dispensasi Perkawinan Anak dibawah Umur menurut UU Perkawinan dengan Al Maqasyid Syariah.” Jurnal Riset Ilmu Hukum, 2022, 19–22. https://doi.org/10.29313/jrih.v2i1.655.
Miqat, N., H.S. Bakhtiar, S. Salam, K. Tridewiyanti, dan K.M. Ibrahim. “The Development of Indonesian Marriage Law in Contemporary Era.” De Jure: Jurnal Hukum dan Syar’iah 15, no. 1 (2023): 54–66. https://doi.org/10.18860/j-fsh.v15i1.17461.
Mursalin, Ayub. “Legalitas Perkawinan Beda Agama: Mengungkap Disparitas Putusan Pengadilan di Indonesia.” Undang: Jurnal Hukum 6, no. 1 (2023): 113–50. https://doi.org/10.22437/ujh.6.1.113-150.
Runciman, David. Political Hypocrisy. The Mask of Power, from Hobbes to Orwell and Beyond. New Jersey: Princeton University Press, 2008. https://doi.org/10.1515/9781400828197.
Salim, Elycia Feronia, Sonny Dewi Judiasih, dan Deviana Yuanitasari. “Persamaan Syarat Usia Perkawinan Sebagai Wujud Kesetaraan Gender Dalam Meminimalisir Perkawinan Bawah Umur Di Indonesia.” ACTA DIURNAL Jurnal Ilmu Hukum Kenotariatan 5, no. 1 (2021): 1–19. https://doi.org/10.23920/acta.v5i1.519.
Sebyar, Muhamad Hasan. “Politik Hukum Undang-Undang Nomor 16 Tahun 2019 Tentang Perubahan Atas Undang-Undang Nomor 1 Tahun 1974 Tentang Perkawinan.” IUS: Jurnal Ilmiah Fakultas Hukum 9, no. 01 (2022): 47–65. https://doi.org/10.51747/ius.v0i01.963.
Shahrullah, R.S., F. Firdaus, E. Syarief, A. Rahmadhony, A. Situmeang, S.L. Nasution, N. Nurlaily, S. Kistiana, dan D.G. Nugraha. “Dilemmas faced by judges when granting marriage dispensations for child marriages in West Java, Indonesia.” International Journal of Law, Policy and the Family 37, no. 1 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1093/lawfam/ebad035.
Sugitanata, Arif. “Product Renewal in the Field of Family Law in Indonesia.” Law and Justice 6, no. 1 (2021): 62–79. https://doi.org/10.23917/laj.v6i1.10699.
Sugitanata, Arif, dan Hamim Ilyas. “Menggali Ukuran Kedewasaan Dalam Melangsungkan Perkawinan Perspektif Al-Qur’an.” AT-TA’LIM 2, no. 2 (2023): 45–55. https://ejournal.unwmataram.ac.id/taklim/article/view/1655.
Sugitanata, Arif, Suud Sarim Karimullah, dan Rizal Al Hamid. “Hukum Positif dan Hukum Islam: Analisis Tata Cara Menemukan Hukum dalam Kacamata Hukum Positif dan Hukum Islam.” JURISY: Jurnal Ilmiah Syariah 3, no. 1 (2023): 1–22. https://doi.org/10.37348/jurisy.v3i1.242.
Sumardi, Dedy, Ratno Lukito, dan Moch Nur Ichwan. “Legal pluralism within the space of Sharia: Interlegality of criminal law traditions in Aceh, Indonesia.” Samarah: Jurnal Hukum Keluarga Dan Hukum Islam 5, no. 1 (2021): 426–49. https://doi.org/10.22373/sjhk.v5i1.9303.
Wibowo, Agung, dan Arif Sugitanata. “Teori Pertingkatan Norma Dan Penemuan Hukum Islam (Pendalaman Dan Rekonstruksi Konsep).” JURNAL DARUSSALAM: Pemikiran Hukum Tata Negara Dan Perbandingan Mazhab 3, no. 1 (2023): 79–96. https://doi.org/10.59259/jd.v3i1.50.
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2024-06-26
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