Psychological Vulnerability and the Fulfillment of Marital Rights and Duties in Long-Distance Marriages: An Empirical Study in Pamekasan
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.32332/9gmhck85Keywords:
Long-distance marriage, psychological vulnerability, rights and obligations of husband and wife, Islamic family law, psychological-relational adaptationAbstract
The phenomenon of Long Distance Marriage (LDM) continues to increase along with labor mobility. However, physical separation between spouses does not merely generate economic issues, but also psychological vulnerabilities that impact the fulfillment of marital rights and duties within Muslim families. This study aims to analyze the forms and dynamics of psychological vulnerability among LDM couples, examine its implications for the fulfillment of marital rights and obligations, and formulate a psychological–relational adaptation model as a conceptual contribution. This research is an empirical legal study employing a qualitative approach with a case study design. Data were gathered through in-depth interviews, observation, and documentation involving 22 informants, consisting of 10 LDM couples, the Village Head of Bungbaruh, and local religious leaders as supporting informants. Data were analyzed using the interactive model by Miles, Huberman, and Saldaña, encompassing data condensation, data display, and drawing as well as verifying conclusions. The findings reveal four primary forms of psychological vulnerability: structural loneliness, relational anxiety, emotional stress, and family role shifts. These vulnerabilities result in an imbalance between the relatively fulfilled material support (nafkah lahir) and the limited fulfillment of emotional/spiritual needs (nafkah batin) alongside the restricted function of qawwam (family leadership). Nevertheless, couples are able to maintain marital continuity through digital communication, trust reinforcement, mutual consultation (musyawarah), economic necessity-based acceptance, and role flexibility. This study proposes a Psychological–Relational Adaptation Model for Long Distance Marriage Couples, demonstrating that psychological and relational adaptation serve as key factors in sustaining the fulfillment of marital rights and duties.
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