Reconstruction of Incumbent Candidate Liability for Legal Violations in Regional Elections: A Contemporary Islamic Politics and Prophetic Law Approach
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.32332/milrev.v5i2.12683Keywords:
Collective Liability; Contemporary Islamic Political Thought; Electoral Integrity; Prophetic Law; Regional Elections.Abstract
The 2024 Simultaneous Regional Elections in Indonesia exposed persistent legal uncertainty regarding the liability of incumbent candidates who violate electoral regulations, particularly the prohibition against bureaucratic transfers and the politicization of government programs under Article 71 paragraph (5) of Law Number 10 of 2016. Divergent judicial decisions have created inconsistency in the application of disqualification sanctions, with some rulings imposing sanctions collectively on candidate pairs while others limiting liability to the individual incumbent. This study aims to reconstruct the legal framework governing incumbent candidate liability by integrating contemporary Islamic political thought and the Prophetic Law paradigm to resolve this doctrinal inconsistency. Employing normative legal research, the study adopts statutory, conceptual, and case approaches to examine legislation, constitutional principles, judicial decisions, and contemporary Islamic legal scholarship. The analytical framework combines the concept of syirkah siyasiyyah (political partnership) with the Prophetic Law principles of Humanization, Liberation, and Transcendence to evaluate the relationship between individual accountability and collective political responsibility within electoral contests. The findings demonstrate that the legal relationship between running mates constitutes a unified political partnership in which electoral advantages and public legitimacy are jointly pursued and mutually enjoyed. Consequently, when an incumbent abuses state authority to secure electoral benefits, the resulting legal consequences should extend to the candidate pair rather than to the individual offender alone. Such reconstruction is justified by the priority of maṣlaḥah ‘āmmah (public interest) over maṣlaḥah al-khāṣṣah (individual political rights), ensuring substantive justice, electoral integrity, and equal political competition. This study contributes to contemporary legal scholarship by reconciling statutory electoral law with contemporary Islamic political thought and Prophetic jurisprudence, offering a normative model of collective electoral liability that strengthens legal certainty while embedding democratic governance within ethical, constitutional, and transcendental values.
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