Reconstructing the Limits of Diversion for Juvenile Offenders in Attempted Rape Cases Involving Child Victims: A Victim Protection Perspective

Abstract

Diversion is a case-resolution mechanism in the juvenile criminal justice system that is oriented toward rehabilitation and the best interests of children. However, its application to the case of a child perpetrator of the crime of attempted rape with a child victim raises legal problems because there is no clear normative boundary to balance the interests of the perpetrator's rehabilitation with the protection of the child victim. This study aims to analyze the limits of diversion's application in the case and to formulate a normative model as a basis for assessing the feasibility of diversion oriented towards victim protection. This research is normative legal research using a statutory, conceptual, and limited comparative approach. Legal materials are analyzed prescriptively through systematic and argumentative interpretation of relevant laws and regulations, doctrines, and international legal instruments. The results of the study show that the diversion regulation in Law Number 11 of 2012 concerning the Juvenile Criminal Justice System has not provided operational limits regarding the feasibility of diversion in the case of children who commit the crime of attempted rape with a child victim. This condition has the potential to cause the application of non-uniform diversion and reduce the protection of the victim's child. This study offers the Diversion Propriety Test as a normative model based on five indicators: victim safety; prevention of victimization; victim consent free from pressure; accountability and rehabilitation of perpetrators; and the effectiveness of supervision in the implementation of diversion agreements. The model is expected to be a guideline for law enforcement officials in assessing the feasibility of diversion in a more objective, accountable, and oriented manner to the protection of the victim's child, without neglecting the purpose of rehabilitating the perpetrator's child.

[Diversi merupakan mekanisme penyelesaian perkara dalam Sistem Peradilan Pidana Anak yang berorientasi pada rehabilitasi dan kepentingan terbaik bagi anak. Namun, penerapannya terhadap perkara anak pelaku tindak pidana percobaan perkosaan dengan korban anak menimbulkan persoalan hukum karena belum terdapat batas normatif yang jelas untuk menyeimbangkan kepentingan rehabilitasi pelaku dengan perlindungan anak korban. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis batas penerapan diversi dalam perkara tersebut serta merumuskan model normatif sebagai dasar penilaian kelayakan diversi yang berorientasi pada perlindungan korban. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian hukum normatif dengan menggunakan pendekatan perundang-undangan, pendekatan konseptual, dan pendekatan perbandingan terbatas. Bahan hukum dianalisis secara preskriptif melalui penafsiran sistematis dan argumentatif terhadap peraturan perundang-undangan, doktrin, serta instrumen hukum internasional yang relevan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pengaturan diversi dalam Undang-Undang Nomor 11 Tahun 2012 tentang Sistem Peradilan Pidana Anak belum memberikan batas operasional mengenai kelayakan diversi dalam perkara anak pelaku tindak pidana percobaan perkosaan dengan korban anak. Kondisi tersebut berpotensi menimbulkan penerapan diversi yang tidak seragam serta mengurangi perlindungan terhadap anak korban. Penelitian ini menawarkan Uji Kepatutan Diversi sebagai model normatif yang didasarkan pada lima indikator, yaitu keselamatan korban, pencegahan reviktimisasi, persetujuan korban yang bebas dari tekanan, akuntabilitas dan rehabilitasi pelaku, serta efektivitas pengawasan pelaksanaan kesepakatan diversi. Model tersebut diharapkan menjadi pedoman bagi aparat penegak hukum dalam menilai kelayakan diversi secara lebih objektif, akuntabel, dan berorientasi pada perlindungan anak korban tanpa mengabaikan tujuan rehabilitasi anak pelaku].