Contemporary Islamic Politics in Tunisia: The Journey of Islamic Democracy Post-Arab Spring
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.32332/milrev.v3i1.8976Keywords:
Arab Spring, Contemporary Islamic, Democracy, Politics.Abstract
This study aimed to examine contemporary Islamic politics in Tunisia, specifically the democratic system Post-Arab Spring. The political struggle of Muslim countries triggered the Arab Spring movement, with Tunisia pioneering a Jasmine Revolution from 2010-2011 to obtain global attention. Furthermore, the investigation constitutes a literature review to analyze contemporary Islamic politics in Tunisia, specifically Post-Arab Spring. The influence of Islamic politics is an important issue, specifically in strengthening demands for democracy by analyzing the struggle in Tunisia. Therefore, this study provides the main focus of state democracy, which is a phenomenon of historical studies and political struggles. The analysis process is carried out in four stages, namely source finding, criticism, interpretation, and writing. The results show that there is a harmonious coexistence between Islam and democracy in Tunisia compared to other countries in the Middle East. The principles of democracy are evident in the organization of elections, freedom of speech, religious tolerance, and recognition of gender equality.
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References
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Ben Lazreg, Houssem. “Post-Islamism in Tunisia and Egypt: Contradictory Trajectories.” Religions 12, no. 6 (June 3, 2021): 408. https://doi.org/10.3390/rel12060408.
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Igbaria, Khaled. “Arab Spring Revolutions throughout Modern Arabic Poetry.” Asian Journal of Humanities and Social Studies 8, no. 4 (August 31, 2020). https://doi.org/10.24203/ajhss.v8i4.6214.
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William Zartman, 169–92. Lynne Rienner Publishers, 1991. https://doi.org/10.1515/9781685853211-014.
McCarthy, Rory. “Protecting the Sacred: Tunisia’s Islamist Movement Ennahdha and the Challenge of Free Speech.” British Journal of Middle Eastern Studies 42, no. 4 (October 2, 2015): 447–64. https://doi.org/10.1080/13530194.2015.1005055.
Nurbaiti, Venti. “Venti. Transisi Demokrasi Di Tunisia Pasca Arab Spring.” Bachelor thesis, Universitas Lampung, 2018.
Osman, Mohamed Nawab Mohamed, ed. Pathways to Contemporary Islam: New Trends in Critical Engagement. Amsterdam University Press, 2020. https://doi.org/10.2307/j.ctvv417f6.
Qodir, Zuly. “Post-Islamism and Reform Islamic Law: The Challenges and Future of Political Islam In Indonesia.” Ahkam 23, no. 2 (2023). https://doi.org/10.15408/ajis.v23i2.31484.
Ramadan, Tariq. Islam and the Arab Awakening. USA: Oxford University Press, 2012.
Sahide. Gejalah Politik Timur Tengah (Dinamika, Konflik, Dan Harapan), n.d.
Sahide, Ahmad. “Demokratisasi Era the Arab Spring Di Negara-Negara Arab (Studi Kasus Tunisia, Mesir, Dan Suriah).” Disertation, Universitas Gadjah Mada, 2016.
———. Gejolak Politik Timur Tengah (Dinamika, Konflik Dan Harapan). Yogyakarta: The Phinisi Press, 2017. http://repository.umy.ac.id/handle/123456789/19999.
Sahide, Ahmad, Yoyo Yoyo, and Ali Muhammad. “Tunisia’s Success in Consolidating Its Democracy One Decade Post-the Arab Spring.” Jurnal Ilmu Sosial Dan Ilmu Politik 26, no. 1 (June 29, 2022): 49. https://doi.org/10.22146/jsp.65912.
Salim, A., N.U. Khan, dan M. Kaleem. “Contemporary Digital Age and Dynamics of E-Jihad in the Muslim World: Case Study of Pakistan.” Pakistan Journal of Criminology 11, no. 4 (2019): 102–14.
Shaqoura, Mazen, and Annali Kristiansen. Islam Dnd Human Rights: The Constitutional Debate In Tunisia. Denmark: The Danish Institute for Human Rights Denmark’s National Human Rights Institution, 2015.
Sofi, Mohammad Dawood. “Political Islam in Tunisia: The History of Ennahda: By Anne Wolf, London, Hurst and Company, 2017,Xxv + 269 Pp., £30.00 (Hardback), ISBN 9781849048262, £18.99 (Paperback), ISBN 9781787380332.” The Journal of North African Studies 24, no. 6 (November 2, 2019): 1046–49. https://doi.org/10.1080/13629387.2018.1527084.
Sukandi, Ahmad. “Politik Bourguiba Tentang Hukum Keluarga Di Tunisia (1857-1987).” Jurnal ASAS 8, no. 2 (2016). http://dx.doi.org/10.24042/asas.v8i2.1252.
Taufiq, Firmanda, and Zezen Zainul Ali. “Gender and Politics in Post-Reformasi Indonesia: Women Leaders within Local Oligarchy Networks: By Kurniawati Hastuti Dewi, Atika Nur Kusumaningtyas, Fatimah Fildzah Izzati, and Esty Ekawati, 2022, Indonesia, BRIN, Paperback 169 Pp. ISBN 978-981-19-1733-2.” Gender, Place & Culture 30, no. 10 (October 3, 2023): 1506–8. https://doi.org/10.1080/0966369X.2023.2199519.
Thaib, Lukman, Barakat Hamad Bara’al-Gharibeh, and Bharuddin ChePa Zaidi. “Rasyid Al Ghannousyi’sthought on Islamic Democracy.” Jaqfi: Jurnal Aqidah Dan Filsafat Islam 1, no. 1 (2016). http://dx.doi.org/10.15575/jaqfi.v1i1.1687.
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the Constitution of Tunisia, Pub. L. No. 2014 (n.d.).
Wolf, Anne. Political Islam in Tunisia. Vol. 1. Oxford University Press, 2017. https://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190670757.001.0001.
Yasmine, Shafira Elnanda. “Arab Spring: Islam Dalam Gerakan Sosial Dan Demokrasi Timur Tengah.” Masyarakat, Kebudayaan Dan Politik 28, no. 2 (April 1, 2016): 108. https://doi.org/10.20473/mkp.V28I22015.108-115.
Yıldırım, Ramazan. “Transformation of the Ennahda Movement from Islamic Jama’ah to Political Party.” Insight Turkey 19, no. 2 (April 1, 2017): 189–214. https://doi.org/10.25253/99.2017192.10.
Yom, Sean. “The Arab Spring: One Region, Several Puzzles, and Many Explanations.” Government and Opposition 50, no. 4 (October 2015): 682–704. https://doi.org/10.1017/gov.2015.19.
Yon, Machmudi, and Riyan Hidayat. Sejarah Timur Tengah Kontemporer: Kepemimpinan Di Arab Saudi Dan Libya. Jakarta: Penerbit Universitas Indonesia (UI-Press), 2016.
Al Faruqi, Ismail, and Lamya’ Al Faruqi. “The Cultural Atlas of Islam: By Ismail and Lamya’ al Faruqi.” American Journal of Islam and Society 3, no. 1 (September 1, 1986): 169–70. https://doi.org/10.35632/ajis.v3i1.2768.
Al Mohammad, Ali I. “Political Islam and Democratic Transition in the Middle East and North Africa: The Puzzle of Contradictory Trajectories in Egypt and Tunisia a Comparative Analysis of the Ennahda Movement and the Muslim Brotherhood.” Thesis, UPPSALA UNIVERSITET, 2023.
Alkan Özcan, Sevinç. “The Role of Political Islam in Tunisia’s Democratization Process: Towards a New Pattern of Secularization?” Insight Turkey 20, no. 1 (January 1, 2018): 209–25. https://doi.org/10.25253/99.2018201.12.
Anas, Omair. “Rached Ghannouchi and His Political Discourses between Tunisian and Global Islamism.” Sociology of Islam 9, no. 3–4 (September 21, 2023): 250–65. https://doi.org/10.1163/22131418-09030005.
Ayoob, Mohammed. “The Many Faces of Political Islam: Religion and Politics in the Muslim World.” In The Many Faces of Political Islam: Religion and Politics in the Muslim World, n.d.
Azra, Azyumardi. “Pemerintah Harus Tangkal Sektarianisme.” Satu Harapan (blog), 2014. https://www.satuharapan.com/read-detail/read/azyumardi-pemerintah-harus-tangkal-sektarianisme.
Basyar, M. Hamdan. “Politik Islam Di Negara Yang Terdampak Arab Spring: Tunisia, Mesir, Dan Libya.” In Many Faces of Political Islam in the Middle East: Arah Baru Gerakan Politik Islam Pasca-Arab Spring/Nostalgiawan (Ed). Jakarta: LIPI Press, 2020.
Ben Lazreg, Houssem. “Post-Islamism in Tunisia and Egypt: Contradictory Trajectories.” Religions 12, no. 6 (June 3, 2021): 408. https://doi.org/10.3390/rel12060408.
Burdah, Ibnu. Islam Kontemporer: Revolusi Dan Demokrasi. Malang: Intrans Publishing, 2014.
Denoeux, Guilain. “The Forgotten Swamp: Navigating Political Islam.” Middle East Policy 9, no. 2 (June 2002): 56–81. https://doi.org/10.1111/1475-4967.00057.
Donker, Teije H. Islamist Movements during the Tunisian Transition and Syrian Crisis The Power of Practices. UK: Edinburgh Studies of the Globalised Muslim World Published, 2024.
Dwi, Wahyu Anggorowati. “Kajian Tentang Jatuhnya Kekuasaan Ben Ali Di Tunisia Tahun 2011.” Risalah 3, no. 12 (2016). https://journal.student.uny.ac.id/index.php/risalah/article/view/4918.
Editor. “Arab Spring.” Britannica.Com (blog), n.d. https://www.britannica.com/event/Arab-Spring.
Ensiklopedi Islam 5 Sya-Zun. Sukabum: PT Ichtiar Baru van Hoeve, 1999.
Esposito, John L., Tamara Sonn, and John O. Voll. Islam and Democracy after the Arab Spring. Oxford University Press, 2016. https://doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195147988.001.0001.
Ghafur, Muhammad Fakhry. “Agama Dan Demokrasi: Munculnya Kekuatan Politik Islam Di Tunisia, Mesir Dan Libya.” Jurnal Penelitian Politik 11, no. 2 (2014). https://doi.org/10.14203/jpp.v11i2.203.
Hakim, Luqman Al, and Moh Abdulloh Hilmi. “Contemporary Islamic Political Dynamics Arabic Republic of Egypt.” AJIS: Academic Journal of Islamic Studies 7, no. 1 (June 30, 2022): 115. https://doi.org/10.29240/ajis.v7i1.4292.
Hanif, Muhammad. “Sejarah Tunisia: Situs Persatuan Pelajar Indonesia Tunisia.” Angelfire (blog), 2011. http://www.angelfire.com/planet/ppitunisia/tunisia/sejarah.html.
Igbaria, Khaled. “Arab Spring Revolutions throughout Modern Arabic Poetry.” Asian Journal of Humanities and Social Studies 8, no. 4 (August 31, 2020). https://doi.org/10.24203/ajhss.v8i4.6214.
Irvan, Muhammad Fauzan, and Yon Machmudi. Consolidation of Democracy in Tunisia After the Arab Spring Perioded 2014-2020. Jakarta: Sekolah Kajian Stratejik dan Global Universitas Indonesia, 2022. https://lib.ui.ac.id/m/detail.jsp?id=9999920517968&lokasi=lokal.
Lapidus, Ira M. Sejarah Sosial Umat Islam Bagian Ke Dua. Jawa Barat: Raja Grafindo Persada, 1987.
Magnuson, Douglas K. “10 Islamic Reform in Contemporary Tunisia: Unity and Diversity.” In Tunisia, edited by I.
William Zartman, 169–92. Lynne Rienner Publishers, 1991. https://doi.org/10.1515/9781685853211-014.
McCarthy, Rory. “Protecting the Sacred: Tunisia’s Islamist Movement Ennahdha and the Challenge of Free Speech.” British Journal of Middle Eastern Studies 42, no. 4 (October 2, 2015): 447–64. https://doi.org/10.1080/13530194.2015.1005055.
Nurbaiti, Venti. “Venti. Transisi Demokrasi Di Tunisia Pasca Arab Spring.” Bachelor thesis, Universitas Lampung, 2018.
Osman, Mohamed Nawab Mohamed, ed. Pathways to Contemporary Islam: New Trends in Critical Engagement. Amsterdam University Press, 2020. https://doi.org/10.2307/j.ctvv417f6.
Qodir, Zuly. “Post-Islamism and Reform Islamic Law: The Challenges and Future of Political Islam In Indonesia.” Ahkam 23, no. 2 (2023). https://doi.org/10.15408/ajis.v23i2.31484.
Ramadan, Tariq. Islam and the Arab Awakening. USA: Oxford University Press, 2012.
Sahide. Gejalah Politik Timur Tengah (Dinamika, Konflik, Dan Harapan), n.d.
Sahide, Ahmad. “Demokratisasi Era the Arab Spring Di Negara-Negara Arab (Studi Kasus Tunisia, Mesir, Dan Suriah).” Disertation, Universitas Gadjah Mada, 2016.
———. Gejolak Politik Timur Tengah (Dinamika, Konflik Dan Harapan). Yogyakarta: The Phinisi Press, 2017. http://repository.umy.ac.id/handle/123456789/19999.
Sahide, Ahmad, Yoyo Yoyo, and Ali Muhammad. “Tunisia’s Success in Consolidating Its Democracy One Decade Post-the Arab Spring.” Jurnal Ilmu Sosial Dan Ilmu Politik 26, no. 1 (June 29, 2022): 49. https://doi.org/10.22146/jsp.65912.
Salim, A., N.U. Khan, dan M. Kaleem. “Contemporary Digital Age and Dynamics of E-Jihad in the Muslim World: Case Study of Pakistan.” Pakistan Journal of Criminology 11, no. 4 (2019): 102–14.
Shaqoura, Mazen, and Annali Kristiansen. Islam Dnd Human Rights: The Constitutional Debate In Tunisia. Denmark: The Danish Institute for Human Rights Denmark’s National Human Rights Institution, 2015.
Sofi, Mohammad Dawood. “Political Islam in Tunisia: The History of Ennahda: By Anne Wolf, London, Hurst and Company, 2017,Xxv + 269 Pp., £30.00 (Hardback), ISBN 9781849048262, £18.99 (Paperback), ISBN 9781787380332.” The Journal of North African Studies 24, no. 6 (November 2, 2019): 1046–49. https://doi.org/10.1080/13629387.2018.1527084.
Sukandi, Ahmad. “Politik Bourguiba Tentang Hukum Keluarga Di Tunisia (1857-1987).” Jurnal ASAS 8, no. 2 (2016). http://dx.doi.org/10.24042/asas.v8i2.1252.
Taufiq, Firmanda, and Zezen Zainul Ali. “Gender and Politics in Post-Reformasi Indonesia: Women Leaders within Local Oligarchy Networks: By Kurniawati Hastuti Dewi, Atika Nur Kusumaningtyas, Fatimah Fildzah Izzati, and Esty Ekawati, 2022, Indonesia, BRIN, Paperback 169 Pp. ISBN 978-981-19-1733-2.” Gender, Place & Culture 30, no. 10 (October 3, 2023): 1506–8. https://doi.org/10.1080/0966369X.2023.2199519.
Thaib, Lukman, Barakat Hamad Bara’al-Gharibeh, and Bharuddin ChePa Zaidi. “Rasyid Al Ghannousyi’sthought on Islamic Democracy.” Jaqfi: Jurnal Aqidah Dan Filsafat Islam 1, no. 1 (2016). http://dx.doi.org/10.15575/jaqfi.v1i1.1687.
The Carter Center. National Constituent Assembly Elections in Tunisia. Atlanta: The Carter Center, 2011.
the Constitution of Tunisia, Pub. L. No. 2014 (n.d.).
Wolf, Anne. Political Islam in Tunisia. Vol. 1. Oxford University Press, 2017. https://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190670757.001.0001.
Yasmine, Shafira Elnanda. “Arab Spring: Islam Dalam Gerakan Sosial Dan Demokrasi Timur Tengah.” Masyarakat, Kebudayaan Dan Politik 28, no. 2 (April 1, 2016): 108. https://doi.org/10.20473/mkp.V28I22015.108-115.
Yıldırım, Ramazan. “Transformation of the Ennahda Movement from Islamic Jama’ah to Political Party.” Insight Turkey 19, no. 2 (April 1, 2017): 189–214. https://doi.org/10.25253/99.2017192.10.
Yom, Sean. “The Arab Spring: One Region, Several Puzzles, and Many Explanations.” Government and Opposition 50, no. 4 (October 2015): 682–704. https://doi.org/10.1017/gov.2015.19.
Yon, Machmudi, and Riyan Hidayat. Sejarah Timur Tengah Kontemporer: Kepemimpinan Di Arab Saudi Dan Libya. Jakarta: Penerbit Universitas Indonesia (UI-Press), 2016.
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Published
2024-04-11
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Contemporary Islamic Politics in Tunisia: The Journey of Islamic Democracy Post-Arab Spring. (2024). MILRev: Metro Islamic Law Review, 3(1), 119-140. https://doi.org/10.32332/milrev.v3i1.8976
