Reviving the Essence of Jihad in the Contemporary Era: Advocating Struggle and Solidarity for Palestine Through Boycott of Pro-Israel Products
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.32332/milrev.v3i1.8971Keywords:
Boycott, Contemporary Era, Jihad, Palestine, Humanitarian Crisis.Abstract
The humanitarian plight of the Palestinian people is stirring global sympathy, resulting in various forms of support. Among these actions is the pro-Israel boycott movement, endorsed by Muslim scholars and intellectuals through the issuance of fatwas. Therefore, this research analyzes the conceptualization of boycotting pro-Israel products within the framework of Islamic Jihad. The literature discussing the concept of boycotts in Islam and the product movement for humanity is explored using library research methodology. The results show that contemporary Jihad includes military, political, economic, and boycott efforts. In addition, the movement is developed as a manifestation of Jihad against injustice and human rights violations according to individual capacities and circumstances. This research positions boycotts as a novel facet of Jihad in the Contemporary era, contributing to the multifaceted nature beyond traditional warfare paradigms.
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References
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Agustina, Isna Fitria, Zezen Zainul Ali, Sakirman Sakirman, Helena Octavianne, and Muhammad Jamal. “Political Hoaxes in the Post-Truth Era: An Islamic Political Analysis.” Al-Istinbath: Jurnal Hukum Islam 8, no. 2 November (November 28, 2023): 645. https://doi.org/10.29240/jhi.v8i2.8457.
A’la, Abd. Jahiliyah Kontemporer Dan Hegemoni Nalar Kekerasan. Yogyakarta: LKiS, 2012.
Al-Hyari, Khalil, Muhammed Alnsour, Ghazi Al-Weshah, and Mohamed Haffar. “Religious Beliefs and Consumer Behaviour: From Loyalty to Boycotts.” Journal of Islamic Marketing 3, no. 2 (June 22, 2012): 155–74. https://doi.org/10.1108/17590831211232564.
Alserhan, Baker Ahmad. “On Islamic Branding: Brands as Good Deeds.” Journal of Islamic Marketing 1, no. 2 (June 25, 2010): 101–6. https://doi.org/10.1108/17590831011055842.
Aziz Muhammad Azzam, Abdul, Abdul Wahhab Sayyed Hawwas, As’at Irsyadi, Ahsan Taqwim, and Al-Hakam Faishol. Fiqih Ibadah Thaharah, Shalat, Zakat, Puasa, Dan Haji. Jakarta: AMZAH, 2015.
Baidhawy, Zakiyuddin. “THE PROBLEM OF MULTICULTURALISM: Radicalism Mainstreaming through Religious Preaching in Surakarta.” JOURNAL OF INDONESIAN ISLAM 4, no. 2 (December 1, 2010): 268. https://doi.org/10.15642/JIIS.2010.4.2.268-286.
Blaydes, Lisa, and Drew A. Linzer. “Elite Competition, Religiosity, and Anti-Americanism in the Islamic World.” American Political Science Review 106, no. 2 (May 2012): 225–43. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0003055412000135.
Buthi, Muhammad Sa’id Ramadhan al-. Al-Jihad Fi al-Islam. Beirut: Dar al-Fikr Al-Mu’ashir, 1993.
Chirzin, Muhammad. “Reaktualisasi Jihad Fî Sabîl Al-Lâh Dalam Konteks Kekinian Dan Keindonesiaan.” Ulumuna 10, no. 1 (November 4, 2017): 59–80. https://doi.org/10.20414/ujis.v10i1.432.
Dekhil, Fawzi, Hajer Jridi, and Hana Farhat. “Effect of Religiosity on the Decision to Participate in a Boycott: The Moderating Effect of Brand Loyalty – the Case of Coca-Cola.” Journal of Islamic Marketing 8, no. 2 (June 12, 2017): 309–28. https://doi.org/10.1108/JIMA-01-2013-0008.
Fakriza, Rouza, and Ridwan Nurdin. “Pengaruh Religiusitas Terhadap Boikot Dengan Loyalitas Merk Sebagai Variabel Moderasi Pada KFC Banda Aceh.” Jurnal Ilmiah Mahasiswa Ekonomi Manajemen 4, no. 1 (2019). https://jim.usk.ac.id/EKM/article/view/9068.
Farah, Maya F. “The Arab Consumer Boycott of American Products: Motives and Intentions.” In Handbook of Islamic Marketing, edited by Özlem Sandıkcı and Gillian Rice. Edward Elgar Publishing, 2011. https://doi.org/10.4337/9780857936028.00030.
Friedman, Monroe. “Consumer Boycotts in the United States, 1970–1980: Contemporary Events in Historical Perspective.” Journal of Consumer Affairs 19, no. 1 (June 1985): 96–117. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-6606.1985.tb00346.x.
Gardberg, Naomi A., and William Newburry. “Who Boycotts Whom? Marginalization, Company Knowledge, and Strategic Issues.” Business & Society 52, no. 2 (June 2013): 318–57. https://doi.org/10.1177/0007650309352507.
Halevi, Leor. “THE CONSUMER JIHAD: BOYCOTT FATWAS AND NONVIOLENT RESISTANCE ON THE WORLD WIDE WEB.” International Journal of Middle East Studies 44, no. 1 (February 2012): 45–70. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0020743811001243.
Ibnu Manzur, Jamaluddin Muhammad ibn Mukram al-Anshari. Lisân Al-Arab, Jilid III. Kairo: Dâr al-Misriyyah wa al-Tarjamah, 1997.
Iskandar, Nuzul. “Jihad Dan Terorisme Dalam Tinjauan Alquran, Hadis, Dan Fikih.” Al-Qisthu: Jurnal Kajian Ilmu-Ilmu Hukum 17, no. 1 (September 23, 2019): 1. https://doi.org/10.32694/010650.
Kaikati, Jack G. “The Arab Boycott: Middle East Business Dilemma.” California Management Review 20, no. 3 (April 1978): 32–46. https://doi.org/10.2307/41165280.
Lajnah Pentashihan Mushaf Al-Qur’an. Jihad; Makna, Dan Implementasinya (Tafsir Tematik). Jakarta: Lajnah Pentashihan Mushaf Al-Qur`an, 2012.
Mahmud, Ali Abdul Halim. Rukn al Jihad Fi Fiqhi al Islah Wa al Tajdid Inda al Imam Hasan al Banna. Kairo: Dar al Tawzi’ wa al Irsyad, 1995.
Mohd Yunus, Anas, Najihah Abd Wahid, and Wan Saifuldin Wan Hassan. “Hukum Boikot Barangan Israel Berdasarkan Kepada Fiqh Al-Jihad.” Journal of Fatwa Management and Research 4, no. 1 (October 9, 2018): 135–60. https://doi.org/10.33102/jfatwa.vol4no1.98.
Muhamad, Nazlida. “Fatwa Rulings in Islam: A Malaysian Perspective on Their Role in Muslim Consumer Behaviour.” In Handbook of Islamic Marketing, edited by Özlem Sandıkcı and Gillian Rice. Edward Elgar Publishing, 2011. https://doi.org/10.4337/9780857936028.00010.
Muhamad, Nazlida, Munirah Khamarudin, and Waida Irani Mohd Fauzi. “The Role of Religious Motivation in an International Consumer Boycott.” British Food Journal 121, no. 1 (May 1, 2019): 199–217. https://doi.org/10.1108/BFJ-02-2018-0118.
MUI. Fatwa Majelis Ulama Indonesia Nomor: 83 Tahun 2023 Tentang Hukum Dukungan Terhadap Perjuangan Palestina [Fatwa of the Indonesian Ulema Council Number: 83 of 2023 Regarding the Law of Supporting the Palestinian Struggle], 83/23 § (n.d.).
Naya, Farid. “Mengungkap Makna Dan Tujuan Jihad Dalam Syariat Islam.” Tahkim 11, no. 2 (2015). http://dx.doi.org/10.33477/thk.v11i2.19.
Purba, Asnan, and Imam Kamaluddin. “Urgensi Jihad Masa Kini Dalam Perspektif Islam.” Ijtihad: Jurnal Hukum Dan Ekonomi Islam 13, no. 2 (2019). https://ejournal.unida.gontor.ac.id/index.php/ijtihad/article/view/3538.
Putra, Muh. Yunan. “HUKUM IKUT BERJIHAD KE PALESTINA MEMBELA ISLAM.” SANGAJI: Jurnal Pemikiran Syariah Dan Hukum 3, no. 2 (October 14, 2019): 166–89. https://doi.org/10.52266/sangaji.v3i2.465.
Qardhawi, Yusuf. Al fatwaa: Wujub Al muqataeat Lil badayie Wal muntajat Al’amrikiat Wal’iisrayiylia (2000).
———. Fatwa-Fatwa Kontemporer Jild III. Jakarta: Gema Insani Press, 2002.
———. Fatwa-Fatwa Mutakhir. Jakarta: Yayasan Al Hamidy, 2000.
Qayyim, Ibnu. Zadul Maâd, Diterjemahkan Oleh Kathur Suhardi, Bekal Menuju Ke Akhirat. Jakarta: Pustaka Azzam, 1999.
Rahmawati, Suci, Suprihatin Ali, and Ghia Subagja. “Pengaruh Nilai Religiusitas Dan Pengetahuan Produk Terhadap Keputusan Boikot Produk KFC (Studi Pada Konsumen Muslim Bandar Lampung).” Jurnal Kompetitif Bisnis 1, no. 1 (2020).
Ramadan, Abdul Baqi. Al-Jihâd Sabîluna. Tabuk: Mutabi’ al-Samad al-Qubra, 1986.
Rohimin. Jihad: Makna Dan Hikmah. Jakarta: Erlangga, 2006.
Sabiq, Sayid. Fiqh Al-Sunnah. Beirut: Dâr al-Fikr, 1982.
Salenda, Kasjim. Terorisme Dan Jihad Dalam Perspektif Humum Islam. Jakarta: Badan Litbang dan Diklat Departemen Agama RI, 2009.
Sari, Dessy Kurnia, Dick Mizerski, and Fang Liu. “Boycotting Foreign Products: A Study of Indonesian Muslim Consumers.” Journal of Islamic Marketing 8, no. 1 (March 6, 2017): 16–34. https://doi.org/10.1108/JIMA-12-2014-0078.
Sedgwick, Mark. “Jihad, Modernity, and Sectarianism.” Nova Religio 11, no. 2 (November 1, 2007): 6–27. https://doi.org/10.1525/nr.2007.11.2.6.
Salim, Ahmad, N.U. Khan, dan M. Kaleem, “Contemporary Digital Age and Dynamics of E-Jihad in the Muslim World: Case Study of Pakistan,” Pakistan Journal of Criminology 11, no. 4 (2019): 102–14.
Shihab, Quraish. Tafsir Al-Mishbah Pesan, Kesan, Dan Keserasian Al-Qur`an, Vol. VII. Tangerang: Lentera Hati, 2017.
Simon, Bryant. “Not Going to Starbucks: Boycotts and the out-Scouring of Politics in the Branded World.” Journal of Consumer Culture 11, no. 2 (July 2011): 145–67. https://doi.org/10.1177/1469540511402448.
Taimiyyah, Taqiyuddin Ahmad ibn. Majmu’ al-Fatawa, Jilid X. Beirut: Dâr al-Fikr, 1980.
Vristiyana, Visca Mirza. “PENGARUH RELIGIUSITAS DAN PENGETAHUAN PRODUK HALAL TERHADAP PENILAIAN PRODUK HALAL DAN MINAT PEMBELIAN PRODUK HALAL (Studi Kasus Pada Industri Makanan.” Jurnal Ekonomi Dan Bisnis 20, no. 1 (January 10, 2019): 85. https://doi.org/10.30659/ekobis.20.1.85-100.
Ysseldyk, Renate, Kimberly Matheson, and Hymie Anisman. “Religiosity as Identity: Toward an Understanding of Religion From a Social Identity Perspective.” Personality and Social Psychology Review 14, no. 1 (February 2010): 60–71. https://doi.org/10.1177/1088868309349693.
Yunus, Anas bin Mohd, Anisah binti Ab. Ghani, and Saadan bin Man. “An Analysis of Fiqh Al-Waqi` (An Understanding of Contemporary Problems) on the Ruling of Compulsory Boycott of KFC (Malaysia).” International Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences 3, no. 1 (2013): 194–202.
Abidin, Muhammad Amin Al-Syahir Ibnu. Hasyiyatu Raddi Al-Mukhtar. Mesir: Dar al Kutub al Ilmiyah, 2003.
Admin. “Islam Membolehkan Boikot.” Hidayatullah.Com (blog), June 25, 2014. https://www.hidayatullah.com/kajian/oaseiman/read/2014/06/25/23904/islam-membolehkan-aksi-boikot.html.
Agustina, Isna Fitria, Zezen Zainul Ali, Sakirman Sakirman, Helena Octavianne, and Muhammad Jamal. “Political Hoaxes in the Post-Truth Era: An Islamic Political Analysis.” Al-Istinbath: Jurnal Hukum Islam 8, no. 2 November (November 28, 2023): 645. https://doi.org/10.29240/jhi.v8i2.8457.
A’la, Abd. Jahiliyah Kontemporer Dan Hegemoni Nalar Kekerasan. Yogyakarta: LKiS, 2012.
Al-Hyari, Khalil, Muhammed Alnsour, Ghazi Al-Weshah, and Mohamed Haffar. “Religious Beliefs and Consumer Behaviour: From Loyalty to Boycotts.” Journal of Islamic Marketing 3, no. 2 (June 22, 2012): 155–74. https://doi.org/10.1108/17590831211232564.
Alserhan, Baker Ahmad. “On Islamic Branding: Brands as Good Deeds.” Journal of Islamic Marketing 1, no. 2 (June 25, 2010): 101–6. https://doi.org/10.1108/17590831011055842.
Aziz Muhammad Azzam, Abdul, Abdul Wahhab Sayyed Hawwas, As’at Irsyadi, Ahsan Taqwim, and Al-Hakam Faishol. Fiqih Ibadah Thaharah, Shalat, Zakat, Puasa, Dan Haji. Jakarta: AMZAH, 2015.
Baidhawy, Zakiyuddin. “THE PROBLEM OF MULTICULTURALISM: Radicalism Mainstreaming through Religious Preaching in Surakarta.” JOURNAL OF INDONESIAN ISLAM 4, no. 2 (December 1, 2010): 268. https://doi.org/10.15642/JIIS.2010.4.2.268-286.
Blaydes, Lisa, and Drew A. Linzer. “Elite Competition, Religiosity, and Anti-Americanism in the Islamic World.” American Political Science Review 106, no. 2 (May 2012): 225–43. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0003055412000135.
Buthi, Muhammad Sa’id Ramadhan al-. Al-Jihad Fi al-Islam. Beirut: Dar al-Fikr Al-Mu’ashir, 1993.
Chirzin, Muhammad. “Reaktualisasi Jihad Fî Sabîl Al-Lâh Dalam Konteks Kekinian Dan Keindonesiaan.” Ulumuna 10, no. 1 (November 4, 2017): 59–80. https://doi.org/10.20414/ujis.v10i1.432.
Dekhil, Fawzi, Hajer Jridi, and Hana Farhat. “Effect of Religiosity on the Decision to Participate in a Boycott: The Moderating Effect of Brand Loyalty – the Case of Coca-Cola.” Journal of Islamic Marketing 8, no. 2 (June 12, 2017): 309–28. https://doi.org/10.1108/JIMA-01-2013-0008.
Fakriza, Rouza, and Ridwan Nurdin. “Pengaruh Religiusitas Terhadap Boikot Dengan Loyalitas Merk Sebagai Variabel Moderasi Pada KFC Banda Aceh.” Jurnal Ilmiah Mahasiswa Ekonomi Manajemen 4, no. 1 (2019). https://jim.usk.ac.id/EKM/article/view/9068.
Farah, Maya F. “The Arab Consumer Boycott of American Products: Motives and Intentions.” In Handbook of Islamic Marketing, edited by Özlem Sandıkcı and Gillian Rice. Edward Elgar Publishing, 2011. https://doi.org/10.4337/9780857936028.00030.
Friedman, Monroe. “Consumer Boycotts in the United States, 1970–1980: Contemporary Events in Historical Perspective.” Journal of Consumer Affairs 19, no. 1 (June 1985): 96–117. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-6606.1985.tb00346.x.
Gardberg, Naomi A., and William Newburry. “Who Boycotts Whom? Marginalization, Company Knowledge, and Strategic Issues.” Business & Society 52, no. 2 (June 2013): 318–57. https://doi.org/10.1177/0007650309352507.
Halevi, Leor. “THE CONSUMER JIHAD: BOYCOTT FATWAS AND NONVIOLENT RESISTANCE ON THE WORLD WIDE WEB.” International Journal of Middle East Studies 44, no. 1 (February 2012): 45–70. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0020743811001243.
Ibnu Manzur, Jamaluddin Muhammad ibn Mukram al-Anshari. Lisân Al-Arab, Jilid III. Kairo: Dâr al-Misriyyah wa al-Tarjamah, 1997.
Iskandar, Nuzul. “Jihad Dan Terorisme Dalam Tinjauan Alquran, Hadis, Dan Fikih.” Al-Qisthu: Jurnal Kajian Ilmu-Ilmu Hukum 17, no. 1 (September 23, 2019): 1. https://doi.org/10.32694/010650.
Kaikati, Jack G. “The Arab Boycott: Middle East Business Dilemma.” California Management Review 20, no. 3 (April 1978): 32–46. https://doi.org/10.2307/41165280.
Lajnah Pentashihan Mushaf Al-Qur’an. Jihad; Makna, Dan Implementasinya (Tafsir Tematik). Jakarta: Lajnah Pentashihan Mushaf Al-Qur`an, 2012.
Mahmud, Ali Abdul Halim. Rukn al Jihad Fi Fiqhi al Islah Wa al Tajdid Inda al Imam Hasan al Banna. Kairo: Dar al Tawzi’ wa al Irsyad, 1995.
Mohd Yunus, Anas, Najihah Abd Wahid, and Wan Saifuldin Wan Hassan. “Hukum Boikot Barangan Israel Berdasarkan Kepada Fiqh Al-Jihad.” Journal of Fatwa Management and Research 4, no. 1 (October 9, 2018): 135–60. https://doi.org/10.33102/jfatwa.vol4no1.98.
Muhamad, Nazlida. “Fatwa Rulings in Islam: A Malaysian Perspective on Their Role in Muslim Consumer Behaviour.” In Handbook of Islamic Marketing, edited by Özlem Sandıkcı and Gillian Rice. Edward Elgar Publishing, 2011. https://doi.org/10.4337/9780857936028.00010.
Muhamad, Nazlida, Munirah Khamarudin, and Waida Irani Mohd Fauzi. “The Role of Religious Motivation in an International Consumer Boycott.” British Food Journal 121, no. 1 (May 1, 2019): 199–217. https://doi.org/10.1108/BFJ-02-2018-0118.
MUI. Fatwa Majelis Ulama Indonesia Nomor: 83 Tahun 2023 Tentang Hukum Dukungan Terhadap Perjuangan Palestina [Fatwa of the Indonesian Ulema Council Number: 83 of 2023 Regarding the Law of Supporting the Palestinian Struggle], 83/23 § (n.d.).
Naya, Farid. “Mengungkap Makna Dan Tujuan Jihad Dalam Syariat Islam.” Tahkim 11, no. 2 (2015). http://dx.doi.org/10.33477/thk.v11i2.19.
Purba, Asnan, and Imam Kamaluddin. “Urgensi Jihad Masa Kini Dalam Perspektif Islam.” Ijtihad: Jurnal Hukum Dan Ekonomi Islam 13, no. 2 (2019). https://ejournal.unida.gontor.ac.id/index.php/ijtihad/article/view/3538.
Putra, Muh. Yunan. “HUKUM IKUT BERJIHAD KE PALESTINA MEMBELA ISLAM.” SANGAJI: Jurnal Pemikiran Syariah Dan Hukum 3, no. 2 (October 14, 2019): 166–89. https://doi.org/10.52266/sangaji.v3i2.465.
Qardhawi, Yusuf. Al fatwaa: Wujub Al muqataeat Lil badayie Wal muntajat Al’amrikiat Wal’iisrayiylia (2000).
———. Fatwa-Fatwa Kontemporer Jild III. Jakarta: Gema Insani Press, 2002.
———. Fatwa-Fatwa Mutakhir. Jakarta: Yayasan Al Hamidy, 2000.
Qayyim, Ibnu. Zadul Maâd, Diterjemahkan Oleh Kathur Suhardi, Bekal Menuju Ke Akhirat. Jakarta: Pustaka Azzam, 1999.
Rahmawati, Suci, Suprihatin Ali, and Ghia Subagja. “Pengaruh Nilai Religiusitas Dan Pengetahuan Produk Terhadap Keputusan Boikot Produk KFC (Studi Pada Konsumen Muslim Bandar Lampung).” Jurnal Kompetitif Bisnis 1, no. 1 (2020).
Ramadan, Abdul Baqi. Al-Jihâd Sabîluna. Tabuk: Mutabi’ al-Samad al-Qubra, 1986.
Rohimin. Jihad: Makna Dan Hikmah. Jakarta: Erlangga, 2006.
Sabiq, Sayid. Fiqh Al-Sunnah. Beirut: Dâr al-Fikr, 1982.
Salenda, Kasjim. Terorisme Dan Jihad Dalam Perspektif Humum Islam. Jakarta: Badan Litbang dan Diklat Departemen Agama RI, 2009.
Sari, Dessy Kurnia, Dick Mizerski, and Fang Liu. “Boycotting Foreign Products: A Study of Indonesian Muslim Consumers.” Journal of Islamic Marketing 8, no. 1 (March 6, 2017): 16–34. https://doi.org/10.1108/JIMA-12-2014-0078.
Sedgwick, Mark. “Jihad, Modernity, and Sectarianism.” Nova Religio 11, no. 2 (November 1, 2007): 6–27. https://doi.org/10.1525/nr.2007.11.2.6.
Salim, Ahmad, N.U. Khan, dan M. Kaleem, “Contemporary Digital Age and Dynamics of E-Jihad in the Muslim World: Case Study of Pakistan,” Pakistan Journal of Criminology 11, no. 4 (2019): 102–14.
Shihab, Quraish. Tafsir Al-Mishbah Pesan, Kesan, Dan Keserasian Al-Qur`an, Vol. VII. Tangerang: Lentera Hati, 2017.
Simon, Bryant. “Not Going to Starbucks: Boycotts and the out-Scouring of Politics in the Branded World.” Journal of Consumer Culture 11, no. 2 (July 2011): 145–67. https://doi.org/10.1177/1469540511402448.
Taimiyyah, Taqiyuddin Ahmad ibn. Majmu’ al-Fatawa, Jilid X. Beirut: Dâr al-Fikr, 1980.
Vristiyana, Visca Mirza. “PENGARUH RELIGIUSITAS DAN PENGETAHUAN PRODUK HALAL TERHADAP PENILAIAN PRODUK HALAL DAN MINAT PEMBELIAN PRODUK HALAL (Studi Kasus Pada Industri Makanan.” Jurnal Ekonomi Dan Bisnis 20, no. 1 (January 10, 2019): 85. https://doi.org/10.30659/ekobis.20.1.85-100.
Ysseldyk, Renate, Kimberly Matheson, and Hymie Anisman. “Religiosity as Identity: Toward an Understanding of Religion From a Social Identity Perspective.” Personality and Social Psychology Review 14, no. 1 (February 2010): 60–71. https://doi.org/10.1177/1088868309349693.
Yunus, Anas bin Mohd, Anisah binti Ab. Ghani, and Saadan bin Man. “An Analysis of Fiqh Al-Waqi` (An Understanding of Contemporary Problems) on the Ruling of Compulsory Boycott of KFC (Malaysia).” International Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences 3, no. 1 (2013): 194–202.
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2024-04-04
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Reviving the Essence of Jihad in the Contemporary Era: Advocating Struggle and Solidarity for Palestine Through Boycott of Pro-Israel Products. (2024). MILRev : Metro Islamic Law Review, 3(1), 22-42. https://doi.org/10.32332/milrev.v3i1.8971
