Reframing Public Policy on Narcotic Case Dismissals: Integrating Maqasid  al-Shari‘ah and Restorative Justice in the Contemporary Era

Irwan Waris; Ani  Susanti; Dandan  Haryono; Bayu  Rahmat Ramadhan; Sri  Nur Akifa

doi:10.32332/milrev.v4i1.10579

Authors

Irwan Waris Tadulako University, Indonesia
Ani Susanti Tadulako University, Indonesia
Dandan Haryono Tadulako University, Indonesia
Bayu Rahmat Ramadhan Tadulako University, Indonesia
Sri Nur Akifa Tadulako University, Indonesia

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.32332/milrev.v4i1.10579

Keywords:

Maqasid al-Shari‘ah, Narcotics, Prosecution Termination, Public Policy, Restorative Justice.

Abstract

The handling of narcotics crimes in Indonesia remains a persistent legal and social challenge, especially in balancing punitive measures with rehabilitation efforts. This empirical legal research investigates the implementation of prosecution termination policies using a restorative justice approach in narcotics cases and analyzes their compatibility with the principles of Maqasid al-Shari‘ah. Field data were collected through in-depth interviews with 12 key informants, consisting of prosecutors, judges, police investigators, religious leaders, and former drug offenders who had undergone restorative justice proceedings. Additional data were obtained through direct observation of mediation sessions at the prosecutor’s office and the analysis of legal documents, including case files and institutional guidelines. The field findings reveal that the application of restorative justice is still limited and discretionary, often depending on the initiative of individual prosecutors and the willingness of victims or communities to engage in non-litigation settlement. While some prosecutors have successfully used this approach for first-time or non-distributor offenders, significant legal and structural constraints remain—such as the absence of detailed operational guidelines, lack of coordination between institutions, and limited public understanding of restorative mechanisms. Nevertheless, the study finds that the use of restorative justice aligns substantively with the goals of Maqasid al-Shari‘ah, particularly in protecting life (hifz al-nafs), intellect (hifz al-‘aql), and religion (hifz al-din), by prioritizing rehabilitation, mental health recovery, and spiritual reintegration over mere incarceration. Restorative practices, such as sulh (mediation) and community involvement, are also consistent with Islamic legal traditions emphasizing compassion, reconciliation, and prevention of greater harm (dar’ al-mafasid). The academic contribution of this study lies in offering a normative-empirical synthesis between Islamic legal principles and restorative justice practices, providing a conceptual and policy framework for the transformation of narcotics prosecution models in Indonesia. It emphasizes the importance of integrating maqāṣid-based reasoning into contemporary criminal justice reform to foster a more humane, rehabilitative, and socially responsive legal system.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

References

Affan, Ibnu, dan Gema Rahmadani. “Penerapan Restorative Justice Dalam Perkara Penyalahgunaan Narkotika Berbasis Hukum Progresif.” Jurnal Hukum Kaidah: Media Komunikasi Dan Informasi Hukum Dan Masyarakat 23, no. 1 (11 Oktober 2023): 65–74. https://doi.org/10.30743/jhk.v23i1.8101.

Alam, Syariful, Nu’man Aunuh, dan Yaris Adhial Fajrin. "The Concept of Restorative Justice in Islamic Criminal Law: Alternative Dispute Settlement Based on Justice." KnE Social Sciences 9, no. 1 (5 Januari 2024): 642–651. https://doi.org/10.18502/kss.v8i21.14779.

Badilla, Nurul Widhanita Y. “Efektivitas Pidana Penjara Bagi Pecandu Narkotika Di Lingkungan Lembaga Pemasyarakatan Narkotika Kelas Iia Jayapura.” Jurnal Komunitas Yustisia 5, no. 2 (26 Agustus 2022): 603–710. https://doi.org/10.23887/jatayu.v5i2.51748.

Basan, Zainudin, Imam Riyadi, Mirtha Tirta Praharani, Fakultas Hukum Universitas Bandar Lampung, dan Kalfin Febrian. “Faktor Penyebab Narkoba Dilingkungan Lembaga Pemasyarakatan.” Jurnal Hukum Dan Sosial Politik 1, no. 3 (25 Mei 2023): 01–09. https://doi.org/10.59581/jhsp-widyakarya.v1i3.366.

Budiyasa, I. Gusti Ngurah, Anak Agung Sagung Laksmi Dewi, dan Ni Made Sukaryati Karma. “Penanganan Tindak Pidana Penyalahgunaan Narkotika Melalui Rehabilitasi Dengan Pendekatan Keadilan Restoratif Sebagai Pelaksanaan Asas Dominus Litis Pada Kejaksaan Negeri Denpasar.” Jurnal Preferensi Hukum 4, no. 1 (25 Maret 2023): 45–50. https://doi.org/10.22225/jph.4.1.6729.45-50.

Bunyamin, Mahmudin. "'Adam Al-Haraj: A Rukhshah Application in the Implementation of Islamic Law in Modern Society Life." Al-’Adalah 15, no. 1 (20 Desember 2018): 101–124. https://doi.org/10.24042/adalah.v15i1.1975.

Daulay, Husnil Mubarok. “Implikasi Kebijakan Keadilan Restorativ Justice Terhadap Penyalahgunaan Narkoba Jenis Sabu Dihubungkan Dengan Efektivitas Pemberantasan Tindak Pidana Narkoba.” Jurnal Impresi Indonesia 1, no. 11 (10 November 2022): 1125–1133. https://doi.org/10.58344/jii.v1i11.623.

Fatoni, Khalim, dan Iskandar Wibawa. “Penanganan Tindak Pidana Narkotika Berdasarkan Keadilan Restoratif Di Direktorat Reserse Narkoba Polda Jateng” 12, no. 3 (19 Maret 2023): 888–902.

Flora, Henny Saida. “Perbandingan Pendekatan Restorative Justice Dan Sistem Peradilan Konvensional Dalam Penanganan Kasus Pidana.” AL-MANHAJ: Jurnal Hukum Dan Pranata Sosial Islam 5, no. 2 (18 Oktober 2023): 1933–1948. https://doi.org/10.37680/almanhaj.v5i2.3812.

Hamdan, Hamdan, dan Afnaini Afnaini. "Implementation Of Restorative Justice In Criminal Acts Of Narcotics And Of Illegal Drug Abuse In Indonesia." Fox Justi : Jurnal Ilmu Hukum 15, no. 01 (26 Desember 2024): 72–89.

Hamid, Usman. “Surat Terbuka: Peninjauan kerangka hukum yang menyebabkan kelebihan kapasitas lembaga pemasyarakatan • Amnesty International Indonesia.” Amnesty International Indonesia, 23 Januari 2025. https://www.amnesty.id/kabar-terbaru/surat-terbuka/surat-terbuka-peninjauan-kerangka-hukum-yang-menyebabkan-kelebihan-kapasitas-lembaga-pemasyarakatan/01/2025/.

Helaluddin, dan Hengki Wijaya. Analisis Data Kualitatif: Sebuah Tinjauan Teori & Praktik. Sekolah Tinggi Theologia Jaffray, 2019.

Kadir, Muh Awaluddin, Muh Shuhufi, dan Misbahuddin M. “Efek Jera Pemidanaan Dalam Hukum Islam Dan Penerapannya Di Indonesia.” Socius: Jurnal Penelitian Ilmu-Ilmu Sosial 1, no. 11 (5 Juli 2024). https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12666985.

Khatib, Suansar. “Konsep Maqashid Al-Syari`Ah: Perbandingan Antara Pemikiran Al-Ghazali Dan Al-Syathibi.” Jurnal Ilmiah Mizani: Wacana Hukum, Ekonomi Dan Keagamaan 5, no. 1 (30 Desember 2018): 47–62. https://doi.org/10.29300/mzn.v5i1.1436.

Lawalata, Jesylia Hillary, Juanrico Alfaromona Sumarezs Titahelu, dan Julianus Edwin Latupeirissa. “Pendekatan Restorative Justice Dalam Penyelesaian Perkara Tindak Pidana Narkotika Pada Tahapan Penyidikan.” TATOHI: Jurnal Ilmu Hukum 2, no. 1 (31 Maret 2022): 91–112. https://doi.org/10.47268/tatohi.v2i1.899.

Madjid, Abdul, dan Milda Istiqomah. "Restorative Justice: A Suitable Response to Environmental Crime in Indonesia?" Krytyka Prawa 15, no. 3 (1 September 2023): 86–100. https://doi.org/10.7206/kp.2080-1084.622.

Ma'rifah, Nurul. “Menggali Dan Menemukan Konsep Maqasid Syari’ah Dalam Pohon Ilmu Hukum Indonesia.” Istinbath : Jurnal Hukum 16, no. 2 (31 Desember 2019): 248–264. https://doi.org/10.32332/istinbath.v16i2.1707.

Miles, Matthew B, dan A. Michael Huberman. Analisis data kualitatif : buku sumber tentang metode-metode baru. Jakarta: Universitas Indonesia Press, 2014.

Muhibban, Muhibban, dan Muhammad Misbakul Munir. "The Relevance of Islamic Law to Criminal Sanctions for Narcotics Users in Indonesia." Journal of World Science 2, no. 5 (31 Mei 2023): 684–692. https://doi.org/10.58344/jws.v2i3.257.

Muliawan, I. Komang Agus, I. Nyoman Gede Sugiartha, dan I. Gusti Ayu Gita Pritayanti Dinar. “Restorative Justice dalam Tindak Pidana Narkotika pada Anak.” Jurnal Analogi Hukum 4, no. 1 (20 Mei 2022): 66–70. https://doi.org/10.22225/ah.4.1.2022.66-70.

Mulyani, Melita, dan Hasuri. "Problems of Criminal Sanctions for Narcotics Abuse: Comparative Study of National Crime and Islamic Crime." Jurnal Mahkamah : Kajian Ilmu Hukum Dan Hukum Islam 9, no. 1 (29 Juni 2024): 33–50. https://doi.org/10.25217/jm.v9i1.4502.

Munandar, Tri Imam, Elizabeth Siregar, Dessy Rakhmawati, dan Zulham Adamy. "Restorative Justice in Narcotics Crimes Investigation: Implementation, Challenges and Obstacles." Mimbar Keadilan 18, no. 1 (19 Februari 2025): 159–170. https://doi.org/10.30996/mk.v18i1.11961.

Nainggolan, Ibrahim. “Lembaga Pemasyarakatan Dalam Menjalankan Rehabilitasi Terhadap Narapidana Narkotika.” EduTech: Jurnal Ilmu Pendidikan Dan Ilmu Sosial 5, no. 2 (10 Agustus 2019). https://doi.org/10.30596/edutech.v5i2.3388.

Nefri, Ardi, dan Iyah Faniyah. “Pertimbangan Penyelidik Dalam Penghentian Penyelidikan Tindak Pidana Narkotika Berdasarkan Restoratif Justice.” Ekasakti Legal Science Journal 1, no. 4 (7 Oktober 2024): 313–320. https://doi.org/10.60034/pwmr1d81.

Nurain, St Nur Syahidah Dzatun. “Prinsip Keadilan Sosial Dalam Islam.” Jurnal JINNSA (Jurnal Interdipliner Sosiologi Agama) 4, no. 1 (23 Agustus 2024): 35–51. https://doi.org/10.30984/jinnsa.v4i1.1048.

Nursilah, N., & Jayadi, U. (2025). Exploring Cultural Representations in Regional Content on YouTube: A Comprehensive Review. Siwayang Journal: Publikasi Ilmiah Bidang Pariwisata, Kebudayaan, dan Antropologi, 4(1), 41–52. https://doi.org/10.54443/siwayang.v4i1.2697

Pranoto, Heru, Adwani Adwani, Rizanizarli Rizanizarli, dan Mohd Gaussya. "Construction of Narcotics Law Against Narcotics Abusers in Perspective Justice." Khazanah Hukum 6, no. 2 (6 Agustus 2024): 145–158. https://doi.org/10.15575/kh.v6i2.37635.

Rahim, Mohammad Hakim Pratama, Dian Ekawaty Ismail, dan Apripari Apripari. “Hambatan Pelaksanaan Restorative Justice Pada Tindak Pidana Narkotika Di Kepolisian Resort Gorontalo Kota.” Jaksa : Jurnal Kajian Ilmu Hukum Dan Politik 2, no. 2 (19 Januari 2024): 258–266. https://doi.org/10.51903/jaksa.v2i2.1691.

Rakhman, Fedi Arif. “Penerapan Keadilan Restoratif Dalam Penanganan Penyalahguna & Pecandu Narkotika.” Jurnal Ilmu Hukum, Humaniora Dan Politik 4, no. 6 (13 September 2024): 2258–2267. https://doi.org/10.38035/jihhp.v4i6.2675.

Riyansyah, Riyansyah, dan Sintong Arion Hutapea. “Efetivitas Restorative Justice Dalam Penyelesaian Kasus Penyalahgunaan Narkotika Di Indonesia.” Mahkamah : Jurnal Riset Ilmu Hukum 2, no. 2 (9 April 2025): 70–77. https://doi.org/10.62383/mahkamah.v2i2.566.

Rodhi, Octavina Putri, Fajar Rachmad Dwi Miarsa, Ahmad Heru Romadhon, Anisa Izzah Afandi, dan Irma Nafa Nabila. “Harmonisasi Peraturan Restorative Justice Terkait Tindak Pidana Narkotika Pada Anak.” Halu Oleo Law Review 8, no. 1 (7 Maret 2024): 49–61. https://doi.org/10.33561/holrev.v8i1.106.

Rustiana, dan Dinny Wirawan Pratiwie. “Pembuktian Penyalahguna Narkotika Dalam Rangka Penerapan Asas Restorative Justice: (Studi Perkara Tindak Pidana Nomor: 396/Pid.Sus/2021/PN Smr).” Yuriska: Jurnal Ilmiah Hukum 14, no. 2 (25 Agustus 2022): 65–74. https://doi.org/10.24903/yrs.v14i2.1001.

Sabri, Fahruddin Ali. “Konsep Raf’ Al-Haraj Dalam Perspektif Ushul Fiqih.” AL-IHKAM: Jurnal Hukum & Pranata Sosial 9, no. 1 (27 November 2014): 1–21. https://doi.org/10.19105/al-lhkam.v9i1.356.

Sartika, Dewi, Rina Khairani Pancaningrum, dan Joko Jumadi. “Restortative Justice Terhadap Tindak Pidana Narkotika Sebagai Strategi Penanggulangan Overcrowding Di Lembaga Pemasyarakatan.” JATISWARA 38, no. 1 (31 Maret 2023): 113–123. https://doi.org/10.29303/jtsw.v38i1.529.

Sayutis, Sayutis, Elwi Danil, dan Yoserwan Yoserwan. “Penghentian Penuntutan Perkara Penyalahgunaan Narkotika Sebagai Implementasi Restorative Justice Pada Tahap Penuntutan (Studi Kasus Di Kejaksaan Negeri Pasaman Barat).” UNES Law Review 6, no. 4 (11 Juli 2024): 11256–11267. https://doi.org/10.31933/unesrev.v6i4.2133.

Sinaga, Haposan Sahala Raja. “Penerapan Restorative Justice dalam Perkara Narkotika di Indonesia.” Jurnal Hukum Lex Generalis 2, no. 7 (22 Juli 2021): 528–541. https://doi.org/10.56370/jhlg.v2i7.80.

Siregar, Rospita Adelina, dan Lila Pitri Widi Hastuti. “Restorative Justice Bagi Terpidana Pemakai Narkotika Golongan 1.” JURNAL HUKUM KESEHATAN INDONESIA 1, no. 01 (18 April 2021): 59–69. https://doi.org/10.53337/jhki.v1i01.6.

Soliha, Nurjannah, dan Syahrial Yuska. “Strategi Keamanan Pencegahan Peredaran Narkotika Di Lapas Kelas IIB Sukabumi.” Jurnal Intelektualita: Keislaman, Sosial Dan Sains 12, no. 02 (27 November 2023). https://doi.org/10.19109/intelektualita.v12i002.19687.

Sucipto, Hadi, Falih Suaedi, Erna Setijaningrum, Mia Amiati, dan Rachmat Suhaimi Nasution. "Transformation of Public Trust in Restorative Justice by the Prosecutor's Office: An Islamic and Social Law Approach in the Contemporary Era." MILRev: Metro Islamic Law Review 3, no. 2 (30 Desember 2024): 364–387. https://doi.org/10.32332/milrev.v3i2.9938.

Syamsuar, Syamsuar, Ahmad Omar Chapakia, Amrizal Hamsa, dan Amelia Amelia. "Integration of Maqashid Syaria in Nurcholish Madjid's Thingking about Principles for Effective Good Governance." Al-Istinbath: Jurnal Hukum Islam 9, no. 1 (30 Mei 2024): 45–62. https://doi.org/10.29240/jhi.v9i1.9701.

Tober, Daud, Bachrul Amiq, dan Wahyu Prawesthi. “Penerapan Restorative Justice Dalam Penanganan Tindak Pidana Narkotika.” COURT REVIEW: Jurnal Penelitian Hukum (e-ISSN: 2776-1916) 5, no. 02 (2025): 27–34. https://doi.org/10.69957/cr.v5i02.1771.

Utomo, Bagas Hermanu Adi, dan Arista Candra Irawati. “Kajian Yuridis Pelaksanaan Pembinaan Narapidana Narkotika (Studi Pada Lembaga Pemasyarakatan Narkotika Kelas IIA Yogyakarta).” ADIL Indonesia Journal 4, no. 1 (2023). https://jurnal.unw.ac.id/index.php/AIJ/article/view/1995.

Wahid, Deny Noer, dan Ilham Dwi Rafiqi. "The Rehabilitation House for Drug Abusers: A Concept for Restorative Justice." Jurnal Hukum Dan Etika Kesehatan, 5 Juli 2023, 23–34. https://doi.org/10.30649/jhek.v3i1.112.

Wardani, Ersya Ananda Kusuma, dan Muhammad Rustamaji. "The Implementation Of Restorative Justice Policy For Narcotics Abuse Crime." Prosiding Seminar Nasional Ilmu Pendidikan 1, no. 2 (21 Oktober 2024): 340–349. https://doi.org/10.62951/prosemnasipi.v1i2.63.

Zulfa, Eva Achjani. “Optimalisasi Pendekatan Restorative Justice terhadap Victimless Crime (Penyalahgunaan Narkoba) sebagai Solusi Lapas yang Over Kapasitas.” Jurnal Pendidikan Tambusai 6, no. 1 (28 April 2022). https://doi.org/10.31004/jptam.v6i1.3684.