Digital Activism in Contemporary Islamic Politics: A Critical Analysis of Social Media's Impact on Islamic Movements

Authors

  • Nibrosu Rohid Universitas Airlangga Surabaya and Universitas PGRI Ronggolawe Tuban, Indonesia
  • Rahma Sugihartati Universitas Airlangga Surabaya, Indonesia
  • Bagong Suyanto Universitas Airlangga Surabaya, Indonesia
  • Daniel Susilo Universitas Bunda Mulia Jakarta, Indonesia
  • Afriul Zikri Al Azhar university, Egypt

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.32332/milrev.v4i1.10159

Keywords:

Digital Activism, Islamic Movements, Politics, Social Media.

Abstract

This study explores the phenomenon of digital activism within the context of contemporary Islamic politics in Indonesia, focusing on the influence of social media on the dynamics of Islamic movements. Social media has emerged as a new space for political mobilization and religious discourse, enabling Islamic groups to expand their reach, enhance participation, and consolidate support. The study employs a qualitative approach with a critical analysis of the content, strategies, and impacts of social media use by various Islamic movements, ranging from moderate to conservative. The findings reveal that social media serves as a communication tool and a discursive space for shaping identities, conveying political narratives, and mobilizing collective action. On the other hand, the use of social media by Islamic movements also presents challenges, including polarization, misinformation, and the potential for radicalization. The research highlights that digital activism has reshaped the landscape of Islamic politics in Indonesia, with social media as a key catalyst for this transformation. However, its impact must be critically understood within broader social, political, and cultural contexts. These findings significantly contribute to studying Islamic politics and digital transformation in the modern era. The research expands academic literature on contemporary Islamic politics by analyzing the role of social media as a tool for political transformation within Islamic movements in Indonesia. This study offers a fresh perspective on the intersection of religion and digital technology, emphasizing how social media shapes political identity, mobilizes support, and influences public discourse and policy. Academically, this research contributes by providing a nuanced understanding of the digitalization of religious, political movements in a non-Western democratic context, enriching comparative studies on digital activism and political Islam.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

References

Abdullah, Munawiah, M. Hasbi Amiruddin, Ernita Dewi, dan Nuraini H. A. Mannan. "Moderation of Thought in the Age of Radicalism: The Role of Social Media and Political Education in Countering Hate Content." Tafkir: Interdisciplinary Journal of Islamic Education 6, no. 1 (17 Januari 2025): 94–110. https://doi.org/10.31538/tijie.v6i1.1373.

Anwar, Fatmawati, dan Islamul Haq. "Religious Moderation Campaign Through Social Media at Multicultural Communities." KURIOSITAS: Media Komunikasi Sosial dan Keagamaan 12, no. 2 (5 Desember 2019): 177–187. https://doi.org/10.35905/kur.v12i2.1392.

Anwar, Khairil, Surawan Surawan, dan Sarimah Awang. "Social Media and Religiousity: Shifting the Lifestyle Paradigm of Urban Muslim Students." Akademika : Jurnal Pemikiran Islam 29, no. 2 (26 September 2024): 195–204. https://doi.org/10.32332/akademika.v29i2.9181.

Baraybar-Fernández, A., S. Arrufat-Martín, dan R. Rubira-García. "Religion and social media: Communication strategies by the spanish episcopal conference." Religions 11, no. 5 (2020). https://doi.org/10.3390/rel11050239.

Basid, Abdul. "From Conflict to Peace: Fuqaha Political Exegesis on Israel's War Crimes in Palestine." Al-Istinbath: Jurnal Hukum Islam 9, no. 2 (20 September 2024): 597–624. https://doi.org/10.29240/jhi.v9i2.10597.

Bergaudas, Paulius. "Digitalization of Knowledge in the Islamic Civilization: A ‎History Studies." Journal of Comparative Study of Religions 3, no. 1 (14 Oktober 2022): 1–20. https://doi.org/10.21111/jcsr.v3i1.7967.

Buckley, D.T., J. Gainous, dan K.M. Wagner. "Is religion the opiate of the digital masses? Religious authority, social media, and protest." Information Communication and Society 26, no. 4 (2023): 682–698. https://doi.org/10.1080/1369118X.2021.1971279.

Budiyono, Mr. “Media Sosial Dan Komunikasi Politik: Media Sosial Sebagai Komunikasi Politik Menjelang Pilkada DKI Jakarta 2017.” Jurnal Komunikasi 11, no. 1 (2016): 47–62. https://doi.org/10.20885/komunikasi.vol11.iss1.art4.

Coman, Ioana A., dan M. Coman. "Religion, popular culture and social media: The construction of a religious leader image on facebook." Essachess - Journal for Communication Studies 10, no. 2 (2017): 129–143.

Gürlesin, Ö.F. "Social Media, Environmental Activism and Implicit Religion: A Case Study of Extinction Rebellion." Religions 15, no. 12 (2024). https://doi.org/10.3390/rel15121458.

Hannan, Abd, dan Ach Fatayillah Mursyidi. "Social Media and the Fragmentation of Religious Authority among Muslims in Contemporary Indonesia." Digital Muslim Review 1, no. 2 (21 November 2023): 84–104. https://doi.org/10.32678/dmr.v1i2.10.

Hayati, Cucu Nur, A. Bakir Ihsan, dan Muhammad Farras Shaka. "The Influence of Social Media on Religious Identity Politics among Indonesian Millennial Generation." Simulacra 5, no. 2 (24 November 2022): 57–70. https://doi.org/10.21107/sml.v5i2.16621.

Helaluddin, dan Hengki Wijaya. Analisis Data Kualitatif: Sebuah Tinjauan Teori & Praktik. Sekolah Tinggi Theologia Jaffray, 2019.

Herdiansah, Ari Ganjar, Luthfi Hamzah Husin, dan Hendra Hendra. "Religious Identity Politics on Social Media in Indonesia: A Discursive Analysis on Islamic Civil Societies." Jurnal Studi Pemerintahan, 2018, 187–222. https://doi.org/10.18196/jgp.2018.0186.187-222.

Ismandianto, Ismandianto, Hasan Sazali, Mardiah Rubani, Muchid Muchid, dan Qasem Muhammadi. "Voices Unveiled: Social Media's Role in Empowering Indonesian Muslim Women Politicians." Religious: Jurnal Studi Agama-Agama Dan Lintas Budaya 7, no. 3 (24 Juni 2024): 273–288. https://doi.org/10.15575/rjsalb.v7i3.23342.

Jafar, Wahyu Abdul. “Persepsi masyarakat kota bengkulu terhadap paham islam moderat.” Samarah 3, no. 1 (2019): 177–204. https://doi.org/10.22373/sjhk.v3i1.3213.

Kirana, Dita, dan Endi Aulia Garadian. "Religious Trend in Contemporary Indonesia: Conservatism Domination on Social Media." Studia Islamika 27, no. 3 (23 Desember 2020): 615–622. https://doi.org/10.36712/sdi.v27i3.18823.

Latif, Khusna Haibati, Hanif Cahyo Kistoro, Syafira Intan Muhliana, dan Prima Rosita Sari. "The Effects of Social Media Use Intensity on Student's Religious Knowledge in Yogyakarta." Al-Tadzkiyyah: Jurnal Pendidikan Islam 14, no. 2 (7 Desember 2023): 213–229. https://doi.org/10.24042/002023141420200.

Muary, Rholand, Neila Susanti, dan Puteri Atikah. "Salafis and Social Media: The Emergence of Islamic Populism in Indonesia." Jurnal Sosiologi Agama 18, no. 2 (2024): 151–170. https://doi.org/10.14421/jsa.2024.182-02.

Muhoja, M.S. "Religion, healthcare, and social media use in urban Tanzania: an ethnographic study of faith-based organizations." Journal of Eastern African Studies 18, no. 2 (2024): 219–239. https://doi.org/10.1080/17531055.2024.2360234.

Mukhlis, Mukhlis, Muwaffiq Jufri, Yusuf Ibrahim Arowosaiye, Evis Garunja, dan Helmy Boemiya. "The Legal Culture to Prevent Radical Islamism by a Pesantren in Madura." De Jure: Jurnal Hukum Dan Syar’iah 16, no. 1 (24 Juni 2024): 58–87. https://doi.org/10.18860/j-fsh.v16i1.26216.

Muslim, Abu, Moh Miftachul Choiri Moh Miftachul Choiri, dan Abu Mohd Sham Kamis Abu Mohd Sham Kamis. "The Impact of Social Media on the Formation of Religious Patterns Among Millennial Students in Ponorogo Regency." Cendekia: Jurnal Kependidikan Dan Kemasyarakatan 22, no. 2 (27 Desember 2024). https://doi.org/10.21154/cendekia.v22i2.9870.

Nugroho, Adhitya Ridwan Budhi Prasetyo, dan Nawawi. "Construction of Religious Tolerance: Revitalizing The Prayer of Da'wah on Social Media." Komunika: Jurnal Dakwah Dan Komunikasi 17, no. 2 (1 Oktober 2023): 265–280. https://doi.org/10.24090/komunika.v17i2.9220.

Octavianne, Helena, Fendy Suhariadi, Mohammad Fakhruddin Mudzakkir, Donny Trianto, dan Umar Chamdan. "Identity Politics and Polarization in Contemporary Muslim Countries: The Impact of Elections, Social Media, and Global Dynamics." MILRev: Metro Islamic Law Review 3, no. 2 (16 Desember 2024): 263–286. https://doi.org/10.32332/milrev.v3i2.9909.

Pabbajah, Mustaqim, Hannani Hannani, Taufiq Hidayat Pabbajah, dan Deraman Deraman. “Beragama Di Ruang Digital: Pergeseran Orientasi Dari Pemahaman Agama Ke Spirit Beragama.” Dialektika 15, no. 2 (20 Desember 2022): 1–14. https://doi.org/10.33477/da.v15i2.4028.

Prasojo, Zaenuddin Hudi, Muhammed Sahrin bin Haji Masri, Ahmad Fauzi, dan Nur Rahmiani. "Religious Identity in the Use of Social Media Within Pontianak Muslim Community." KARSA Journal of Social and Islamic Culture 28, no. 1 (12 Juni 2020): 32–56. https://doi.org/10.19105/karsa.v28i1.3284.

Rashid, T. "Social media, religion and religiosity in Pakistan in the era of disruption." Hamdard Islamicus 42, no. 1–2 (2019): 33–56.

Rasyid, Arbanur, Rayendriani Fahmei Lubis, Muhammad Wandisyah R. Hutagalung, Maulana Arafat Lubis, Mohd Roslan Mohd Nor, dan Afifah Vinandita. "Local Wisdom Recognition in Inter-Ethnic Religious Conflict Resolution in Indonesia from Islah Perspective." JURIS (Jurnal Ilmiah Syariah) 22, no. 1 (13 Juni 2023): 13–26. https://doi.org/10.31958/juris.v22i1.8432.

Retpitasari, Ellyda, dan Nila Audini Oktavia. "Preference of Social Media Usage in Teenagers Religion." Tribakti: Jurnal Pemikiran Keislaman 31, no. 1 (13 Januari 2020): 17–34. https://doi.org/10.33367/tribakti.v31i1.985.

Ridwan, Benny, Iswandi Syahputra, Azhari Akmal Tarigan, dan Fatahuddin Aziz Siregar. "Islam Nusantara, Ulemas, and Social Media: Understanding the Pros and Cons of Islam Nusantara among Ulemas of West Sumatera." Indonesian Journal of Islam and Muslim Societies 9, no. 2 (25 Desember 2019): 163–188. https://doi.org/10.18326/ijims.v9i2.163-188.

Santoso, Dri, Mardatillah, F. Apriani, Sukindar, dan Abdul Jafar. "Preventing Religious Extremism in Islamic Religious Universities through Fiqh Wasatiyah." Manchester Journal of Transnational Islamic Law and Practice 19, no. 2 (2023): 176–192.

Saputra, Eko, Dony Arung Triantoro, dan Ardiansyah Ardiansyah. "Urban Muslim Youth, Pengajian Communities and Social Media: Fragmentation of Religious Authorities in Indonesia." Al-Qalam 27, no. 2 (2 Desember 2021): 335–346. https://doi.org/10.31969/alq.v27i2.1004.

Sazali, Hasan, Mardhiah Rubani, Ismandianto Ismandianto, Misrah Misrah, dan Charles Julian Santos Navarro. "Islamic Political Communication System Mapping Millennial Muslim Geopolitics on Social Media in Facing the 2024 Presidential Election." JURNAL GEOGRAFI 15, no. 1 (12 Maret 2023): 122–134. https://doi.org/10.24114/jg.v15i1.42477.

Serik, N., L. Tatyana, R. Kazmukhanov, T. Maya, dan D. Byerdimurat. "The specifics of digitalization of traditional religions in modern Kazakhstan." Pharos Journal of Theology 104, no. 5 (2023). https://doi.org/10.46222/pharosjot.104.516.

Shiddieqy, Ahmad Ash, Padlan Padil Simamora, dan Dinda Difia Madina. "Contemporary Islamic Politics in Tunisia: The Journey of Islamic Democracy Post-Arab Spring." MILRev: Metro Islamic Law Review 3, no. 1 (11 April 2024): 119–140. https://doi.org/10.32332/milrev.v3i1.8976.

Siles, I., E. Guevara, L. Tristán-Jiménez, dan C. Carazo. "Populism, Religion, and Social Media in Central America." International Journal of Press/Politics 28, no. 1 (2023): 138–159. https://doi.org/10.1177/19401612211032884.

Susilo, Daniel, dan Teguh Dwi Putranto. "Indonesian Youth on Social Media: Study on Content Analysis," 94–97. Atlantis Press, 2017. https://doi.org/10.2991/sshr-17.2018.15.

Suyanto, Bagong, Mun’im Sirry, dan Rahma Sugihartati. "Pseudo-Radicalism and the De-Radicalization of Educated Youth in Indonesia." Studies in Conflict & Terrorism 45, no. 2 (1 Februari 2022): 153–172. https://doi.org/10.1080/1057610X.2019.1654726.

Syahputra, Iswandi. "Social Media Activities and the 212 Movement: The Indonesian Ulema Council's Perspective." Al-Jami’ah: Journal of Islamic Studies 58, no. 2 (20 Desember 2020): 323–354. https://doi.org/10.14421/ajis.2020.582.323-354.

Taufiq, Firmanda, dan Ayu Maulida Alkholid. "Religious Tolerance, Social Media and Social-Politics in Indonesia: Exploring of NU Garis Lucu and Catholic Garis Lucu Community." International Conference on Cultures & Languages (ICCL) 1, no. 1 (18 November 2022): 159–173.

Thaib, Erwin Jusuf. "Hoax in Social Media and It's Threats to Islamic Moderation in Indonesia." Proceedings of International Conference on Da'wa and Communication 2, no. 1 (26 November 2020): 259–269. https://doi.org/10.15642/icondac.v2i1.386.

Van Esch, P., T. Von Der Heidt, P. Neck, dan L.J. Van Esch. "Where the dimensions of religion and mass media social marketing campaigns intersect." Asian Social Science 11, no. 12 (2015): 103–111. https://doi.org/10.5539/ass.v11n12p103.

Witro, Doli, Halil Khusairi, Nurul Alamin, Luqyana Azmiya Putri, dan Restu Prana Ilahi. "Society's Religiosity in Social Media and Its Implications for Conflict Resolution in Indonesia." Studi Multidisipliner: Jurnal Kajian Keislaman 10, no. 1 (17 Juni 2023): 55–68. https://doi.org/10.24952/multidisipliner.v10i1.5968.

Yudha -, Kadek Yoga Artha, Nikita Maharani, dan Muhammadong Muhammadong. "Analyzing Religious Conflicts On Social Media Based On The First Principle Of Pancasila." Journal of Digital Law and Policy 3, no. 2 (31 Januari 2024): 88–98. https://doi.org/10.58982/jdlp.v3i2.545.

Downloads

Published

2025-04-30

How to Cite

Digital Activism in Contemporary Islamic Politics: A Critical Analysis of Social Media’s Impact on Islamic Movements. (2025). MILRev: Metro Islamic Law Review, 4(1), 208-232. https://doi.org/10.32332/milrev.v4i1.10159