Integrative Model of Child Protection Against Bullying: Harmonizing Fiqh al-Usrah and Indonesian Positive Law
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.32332/10.32332/jsga.v8i01.13366Keywords:
Bullying, Child Protection, Fiqh Al-Usrah, Positive Law, Maqāṣid Al-Sharī‘ahAbstract
Bullying, including cyberbullying, is a form of violence against children that remains a challenge for Indonesia’s child protection system. This study aims to analyse the concept of child protection in fiqh al-usrah, examine Indonesia’s positive law provisions regarding the prevention and handling of bullying, and explore their harmonisation. This study employs a qualitative method using a literature review (library research) and conceptual analysis of relevant literature on fiqh al-usrah, maqāṣid al-sharī‘ah, legislation, and scientific studies. The results of the study indicate that fiqh al-usrah views child protection as part of the realization of maqāṣid al-sharī‘ah, specifically ḥifẓ al-nafs, ḥifẓ al-‘aql, and ḥifẓ al-‘ird. Meanwhile, Indonesian positive law has provided relatively comprehensive legal instruments for the prevention and handling of bullying; however, their implementation faces obstacles. This study found that harmonising the values of fiqh al-usrah with positive law can build a more comprehensive model of child protection, while integrating preventive, educational, restorative, and repressive approaches to address bullying.
[Bullying, termasuk cyberbullying, merupakan bentuk kekerasan terhadap anak yang masih menjadi tantangan dalam sistem perlindungan anak di Indonesia. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis konsep perlindungan anak dalam fiqh al-usrah, mengkaji pengaturan hukum positif Indonesia terkait pencegahan dan penanganan bullying, serta mengeksplorasi harmonisasi keduanya. Penelitian menggunakan metode kualitatif dengan pendekatan kepustakaan (library research) dan analisis konseptual terhadap literatur fiqh al-usrah, maqāṣid al-sharī‘ah, peraturan perundang-undangan, dan kajian ilmiah yang relevan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa fiqh al-usrah memandang perlindungan anak sebagai bagian dari realisasi maqāṣid al-sharī‘ah, khususnya ḥifẓ al-nafs, ḥifẓ al-‘aql, dan ḥifẓ al-‘ird. Sedangkan, hukum positif Indonesia telah menyediakan instrumen hukum yang relatif komprehensif dalam pencegahan dan penanganan bullying, namun implementasinya masih menghadapi kendala. Penelitian ini menemukan bahwa harmonisasi nilai-nilai fiqh al-usrah dengan hukum positif mampu membangun model perlindungan anak yang lebih komprehensif, sekaligus mengintegrasikan pendekatan preventif, edukatif, restoratif, dan represif dalam penanganan bullying].
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