Collaborative Parenting through Spiritual–Informal Social Control: Preventing Juvenile Delinquency in a Sub-Urban Community of Yogyakarta

Abstract

The development of suburban areas has brought about social changes that have increased children’s vulnerability to deviant behavior. This study aims to analyze the social control mechanisms implemented through collaboration between parents and religious educators at the Al-Luqmaniyyah Islamic Education Center (TPA) in Yogyakarta to address at-risk children. The study employs a qualitative approach with data collection techniques including observation, in-depth interviews, and documentation. The analysis was conducted using Travis Hirschi’s theory of social control. The study found that juvenile delinquency in suburban areas is dominated by physical and verbal violence, influenced by family upbringing, the social environment, and a lack of supervision. Prevention of such behavior occurs through Spiritual-Informal Collaborative Parenting—a collaboration between parents and the TPA to build social control that integrates domestic supervision with spiritual guidance. This practice strengthens children’s social bonds with authoritative figures, increases compliance with norms, and encourages moral reflection as part of the behavior control process.

[Perkembangan wilayah sub-urban telah memunculkan perubahan sosial yang berdampak pada meningkatnya kerentanan anak terhadap perilaku menyimpang. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis mekanisme kontrol sosial yang dijalankan melalui kolaborasi antara orang tua dan pendidik agama di TPA Al-Luqmaniyyah Yogyakarta dalam menangani anak berisiko. Penelitian menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan teknik pengumpulan data berupa observasi, wawancara mendalam, dan dokumentasi. Analisis dilakukan menggunakan teori kontrol sosial Travis Hirschi. Penelitian menemukan bahwa kenakalan anak di kawasan sub-urban didominasi oleh kekerasan fisik dan verbal yang dipengaruhi oleh pola asuh keluarga, lingkungan sosial, dan lemahnya pengawasan. Pencegahan perilaku tersebut berlangsung melalui Collaborative Parenting berbasis Spiritual-Informal, yaitu kolaborasi antara orang tua dan TPA dalam membangun kontrol sosial yang mengintegrasikan pengawasan domestik dengan pembinaan spiritual. Praktik ini memperkuat ikatan sosial anak dengan figur otoritatif, meningkatkan kepatuhan terhadap norma, serta mendorong refleksi moral sebagai bagian dari proses pengendalian perilaku].