PERILAKU HOMOSEKSUAL: MENCARI AKAR PADA FAKTOR GENETIK

  • Misri Gozan Universitas Indonesia
Keywords: genetics homosexual heredity chemical exposure sexual orientation

Abstract

The study based on literatures on this article presents data that is critical discourses of homosexuality and genetics. This article does not disclose the direction of Islam in terms of homosexuality because it is so obvious expressed in the Koran and explained by the righteous mufassir, muslim clerics and scholars. There is no strong data linking specific genetic factors with the emergence of homosexual behavior. Research conducted by the proponents of homosexual showed no single gene that govern human behavior which is a very complex phenomena. In other words, the genes do not determine behavior of homosexuality in particular. Expressed genes responsible for the nature of homosexuality is also interpreted as genes responsible for other mental problems. The experts further revealed that homosexual orientation is strongly affected by the events and stimuli experienced by either of the environment with a growing degree of openness to homosexual behavior as well as due to the availability of information, especially in cyberspace. Some chemicals are suspected of causing physical changes and influence on sexual orientation. Efforts of healing through action or medical intervention are not  impossible. Some researches suggest that homosexual behavior is more aggressive than men hetersexual both in individual and family scale. The author sees the belief that genetic factors are the reason for accepting homosexual behavior has no strong scientific roots. Behavior of homosexuality thus can actually be, or should be, repaired and healed.

References

Aaron, W.,Straight, New York: Bantam Books, 1972.
Alves, M.J.H., Parente, J.S., dan Albuquerque, G.A. Homosexual orientation in childhood and adolescence: experiences of concealment and prejudice, Reprodução & Climatério (in Press), 2016.
Barthes, J., Godelle, B., dan Raymond , M. Review Article Human Social Stratification and Hypergyny: Toward an Understanding of Male Homosexual Preference,Evolution and Human Behavior, 34, 2013.
Bell, D., & Valentine, G., Queer country: Rural lesbian and gay lives, Journal of Rural Studies11(2), 1995.
BJS, Extent, Nature, and Consequences of Intimate Partner Violence. U.S. Department of Justice: Office of Justice Programs: 30; "Intimate Partner Violence," Bureau of Justice Statistics Special Report:11, 2015.
Bobrowa, D, dan Bailey, J.M. Is male homosexuality maintained via kin selection?Evolution andHuman Behavior 22, 2001.
Brune, A.,City Gays Skip Long-term Relationships: Study Says. Washington Blade , 12. 2004
Cabiria, J.,Benefits of virtual world engagement: Implications for marginalized gay andlesbian people, Media Psychology Review, 1(1), 2008
Castronova, E.,Synthetic worlds: The business andculture of online games, Chicago: The University of Chicago Press, 2005.
Ciani, A.C., Iemmola, F, dan Blecher, S.R.,Genetic factors increase fecundity in female maternal relatives of bisexual men as in homosexuals, Journal of Sex Medical6, 2009.
Coyne, R., Technoromanticism, Cambridge Mass: Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1999.
Crowson, M., dan Goulding, A., Virtually homosexual: Technoromanticism, demarginalisation and identity formation among homosexual males, Computers in Human Behavior 29(5), 2013.
Escoffier, J., Gay-for-Pay: straight men andthe making of gay pornography. Qualitative Sociology, 26, 2003.
Gallup Jr, G.G.,Have Attitudes Toward Homosexuals Been Shaped by Natura1 Selection?Ethology dan Sociobiology, 16, 1995.
Gladue, B.A. dan Bailey, J.M.,Aggressiveness, Competitiveness, andHuman Sexual Orientation,Psychoneuroendocrinology, 20(5), 1995.
Hamer, D., Hu, S., Magnuson, V., Hu, N., dan Pattatucci, A.,A linkage between DNA markers on the X chromosome andmale sexual orientation, Science 261(5119), hal.321–7, 1993.
HRC, http://www.hrc.org/resources/hrc-issue-brief-hiv-aids-and-the-lgbt-community, Situs resmi Human Right Campaign,diakses Jumat 5 Februari 2016.
Hu, S., Pattatucci, A.M.L.; Patterson, C., Li, L., Fulker, D.W., Cherny, S.S.; Kruglyak, L., dan Hamer, D.H., Linkage between sexual orientation andchromosome Xq28 in males but not in females, Nature Genetics, 11(3), hal. 248–56,1995.
Kinnish, K.K., Strassberg, D.S., Turner, C.W., Sex differences in the flexibility of sexual orientation: a multidimensional retrospective assessment,Archives of Sexual Behavior, 34, 2005.
Martin, J.T. dan Nguyen, D.H.,Anthropometric analysis of homosexuals andheterosexuals: implications for early hormone exposure,Hormones andBehavior,45, 2004.
Meeker,J.D., dan Ferguson,K.K., Phthalates: human exposure and related health effects, in Dioxins and Health Including Other Persistent Organic Pollutants and Endocrine Disruptors 3rd ed. Arnold Schecter, Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Son, 2012.
Pai, G.S., Hane, B., Joseph, M., Nelson, R., Hammond, L.S., Arena, J.F., Lubs, H.A., Stevenson, R.E., dan Schwartz, C.E., A new X linked recessive syndrome of mental retardation dan mild dysmorphism maps to Xq28, Journal of Medical Genetic,34(7), 1997.
Pathela, P., Hajat, A., Schillinger, J., Blank, S., Sell, R., Mostashari, F.,Discordance between sexual behavior andself-reported sexual identity: a population-based survey of New York City men, Annals of Internal Medicine, 145, 2006.
Rice, G, Anderson, C., Risch, N., dan Ebers, G., Male homosexuality: absence of linkage to microsatellite markers at Xq28, Science, 23:284(5414), 1999.
Sanders, A.R., Martin, E.R., Beecham,G.W., Guo, S., Dawood, K., Rieger, G., Badner,J.A., Gershon, E.S., Krishnappa, R.S., Kolundzija, A.B., Duan, J., Gejman, P.V., dan Bailey, J. M., Genome-wide scan demonstrates significant linkage for male sexual orientation, Psychological Medicine FirstView, 2014.
Santtila, P., Sandnabba, N.K., Harlaar, N., Varjonen, M., Alanko, K., dan von der Pahlen, B. Potential for homosexual response is prevalent andgenetic, Biological Psychology, 77, 2008.
Shetty, G., Sanchez, J.A., Lancaster, J.M., Wilson, L.E., Quinn, G.P., Schabath, M.B., Oncology healthcare providers’ knowledge, attitudes,and practice behaviors regarding LGBT health, Patient Education and Counseling, 99,hal. 1676–1684, 2016.
Sylva, D., Safron, A., Rosenthal, A.M., Reber, P.J., Parrish, T.B., dan Bailey, J.M., Neural correlates of sexual arousal in heterosexual andhomosexual women andmen, Hormones andBehavior, 64,2013.
Teodorov, E., Salzgeber, S.A., Felicio, L.F., Varolli, F.M.F., Bernardi, M.M.,Effects of perinatal picrotoxin and sexual experience on heterosexual and homosexual behavior in male rats, Neurotoxicology and Teratology, 24,hal. 235– 245, 2002.
Turkle, S., Life on the screen, Simon & Schuster, New York, 1996.
Turkle, S.,The second self, Cambridge, Massaschuchet: First MIT Press, 2005.
VanderLaan, D.P., Petterson, L.J., Vasey, P.L., Elevated childhood separation anxiety: An early developmental expression of heightened concern for kin in homosexual men?, Personality and Individual Differences, 81,2015.
Zietscha,B.P., Morleya, K.I., Shekara, S.N., Verweija, K.J.H., Kellerb, M.C., Macgregora, S., Wright, M.J., Bailey, J.M., dan Martin, N.G., Genetic factors predisposing to homosexuality may increase mating success in heterosexuals, Evolution and Human Behavior, 29, hal. 424–433, 2008.
Published
2017-10-12
How to Cite
GOZAN, Misri. PERILAKU HOMOSEKSUAL: MENCARI AKAR PADA FAKTOR GENETIK. Nizham: Jurnal Studi Keislaman, [S.l.], v. 4, n. 1, p. 75-87, oct. 2017. ISSN 2541-7061. Available at: <https://e-journal.metrouniv.ac.id/nizham/article/view/907>. Date accessed: 26 apr. 2024.

Most read articles by the same author(s)

Obs.: This plugin requires at least one statistics/report plugin to be enabled. If your statistics plugins provide more than one metric then please also select a main metric on the admin's site settings page and/or on the journal manager's settings pages.