Evaluation of Starfruit Leaf Extract (Averrhoa carambola L.) in the Incised Wound Healing Process in Mice (Mus musculus)
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.32332/al-jahiz.v7i2.12828Keywords:
Edema, Erythema, Incision wounds, Leukocytes, Starfruit leaf extract.Abstract
Incision wounds are a form of skin tissue damage that affects the body’s anatomical structure and function, especially when caused by sharp objects. Starfruit leaves are an alternative plant-based remedy that can be used to heal incision wounds. This study aimed to analyze the effect of starfruit leaf extract (Averrhoa carambola L.) on male mice (Mus musculus) with incision wounds. A total of 20 male mice (n = 4/group) were randomly assigned to five treatment groups: K- (injection water), K+ (10% povidone-iodine), P1 (25% starfruit leaf extract), P2 (50% starfruit leaf extract), and P3 (75% starfruit leaf extract). A 2-cm-long incision was made at the subcutaneous level, and the observation period lasted 14 days. The parameters observed included wound length, erythema, edema, and leukocyte differential count. Shorter wound length, lower erythema and edema scores, and lower neutrophil and lymphocyte counts were observed in the extract-treated groups than in the control groups; however, these differences were not statistically significant (p > 0.05). Further studies are required to determine the efficacy of starfruit leaf extract in incision wound healing.
References
Abtian, M. S., Riza, H., & Fajriaty, I. (2019). Phytochemical Screening of Starfruit Leaf Water Extract (Averrhoa carambola L.). Journal of Pharmacy Students, Faculty of Medicine, UNTAN, 4(1), 1-9.
Akhmadi, C., Utami, W., & Annisaa, E. (2022). Narrative Review: Phytochemical Compounds and Pharmacological Activities of the Basellaceae Family as Wound Medicines. Generics: Journal of Research in Pharmacy, 2(2), 77-85. https://doi.org/10.14710/genres.v2i2.13798
Alvita, A. R., Wardani, T. S., & Listyani, T. A. (2023). Formulation of Avocado Leaf Extract Gel (Persea americana Mill.) as a Treatment for Burns in New Zealand White Rabbits. Nusantara Medical Journal, 1(4), 272-295. https://doi.org/10.59680/medika.v1i4.628
Aminah, Rahman, N. A., Amalia, S., Hardiani, L., Khairunnisa, A., Jubaidah, S., & Puspita, A. D. (2024). Exploration of Local Wisdom in Borneo: Biosynthesis of Silver Nanoparticles from Ethanol Extracts of Kokang Leaves (Lepishanthes amoena (Hass) Leenh). Indonesian Journal of Pharmaceutical Research, 6(2), 356-377. https://doi.org/10.33759/jrki.v6i2.528.
Arief, H., & Widodo, M. A. (2016). The Role of Oxidative Stress in the Wound Healing Process. Wijaya Kusuma Medical Journal, 5(2), 22-29. https://doi.org/10.30742/jikw.v5i2.338
Astuti, S. D., Widiyanti, P., Wibowo, H., Arifianto, D., Winarno, & Nurdin, D. Z. I. (2024). SKINOLASER - Noninvasive Therapy Innovation for Wounds. Airlangga University Press.
Bawotong, R. A., Queljoe, E. d., & Mpila, D. A. (2020). Testing the Effectiveness of Jatropha Curcas L. Leaf Extract Ointment on the Healing of Incision Wounds in Male Wistar Rats (Rattus norvegicus). Pharmacon, 9(2), 284-293. https://doi.org/10.35799/pha.9.2020.29283
Beltsazar, E. D., Marshellina, C. J., Safitdra, A., & Asseggaf, S. N. Y. R. S. (2024). The Potential of Kemunting Leaves (Melastoma malabathricum) as Traditional Medicine of the Dayak Tribe in Wound Healing. Journal of Medicine and Health, 11(1), 63-75. https://doi.org/10.32539/jkk.v11i1.236
Chen, L., Mirza, R., Kwon, Y., DiPietro, L. A., & Koh, T. J. (2015). The murine excisional wound model: Contraction revisited. Wound repair and regeneration : official publication of the Wound Healing Society [and] the European Tissue Repair Society, 23(6), 874–877. https://doi.org/10.1111/wrr.12338
Dewi, S. R. P., Marlamsya, D. O., & Bikarindrasari, R. (2017). The Anticaries Effect of Gambir Extract on Male Wistar Rats. Indonesian Journal of Dentistry, 3(2), 83-92.
Hamdhani, Saputri, M., Sudewi, & Margata, L. (2023). Formulation of Ethanol Extract of Avocado Fruit Peel (Persea americana Mill.) as Foundation Cream. Journal of Pharmaceutical and Sciences, 6(2), 567-574.
Hutauruk, D., Sitorus, B., & Manik, T. R. A. (2020). Testing the Activity of Kaffir Lime (Citrus hystrix) Juice on Burn Wounds in Rabbits in the Form of a Gel Preparation. Journal of Technology, Health and Social Sciences, 2(2), 169-181.
Irawan, W. K., Kurniawaty, E., & Rodiani. (2023). Secondary Metabolites and Wound Healing: A Literature Review. Agromedicine, 10(1), 26-30.
Kurniawati, I., Maftuch, & Hariati, A. M. (2016). Determination of the Best Solvent and Extraction Time in the Maceration Technique of Gracilaria sp. and Its Effect on Water Content and Yield. Samakia: Journal of Fisheries Science, 7(2), 72-77. https://doi.org/10.5281/jsapi.v7i2.306
Laili, N., Supriyanto, & Saraswati, M. (2023). Testing the Activity of Starfruit Leaf Extract (Averrhoa carambola L.) on the Healing of Cut Wounds in New Zealand Rabbits. Journal of Science and Health, 5(5), 731-739. https://doi.org/10.30872/jsk.v5i5.585
Malaha, N., Sartika, D., Pannyiwi, R., Zaenal, & Zakiah, V. (2023). The Effectiveness of Revolutik Biospray in Reducing the Number of Macrophages in the Wound Healing Process. SAINTEKES: Journal of Science, Technology and Health, 2(2), 170-177. https://doi.org/10.55681/saintekes.v2i2.71
Mulyati, W., Lukmayani, Y., & Sadiyah, E. R. (2020). Antibacterial Activity Test of Sweet Starfruit Leaves (Averrhoa bilimbi L.) Against Staphylococcus epidermidis and Identification of Active Compounds. Proceedings of Pharmacy, 6(1), 62-67.
Nayaken, P. O., Hakim, A. R., & Alawiyah, T. (2023). Effect of Extraction Method on Total Alkaloid Content of Kirinyuh (Chromolaena odorata) Leaf Extract. Indonesian Journal of Pharmacy and Natural Products, 6(2), 194-200. https://doi.org/10.35473/ijpnp.v6i02.2508
Nugrahaningsih, Susanti, E., & Nisa, M. D. (2023). Immunostimulatory Activity of Elaeocarpus grandiflorus Leaves on Leukocyte Count and Spleen Histology in Rats Induced by SDMD. Life Science, 12(2), 192-201.
Parinduri, A. G. (2020). Textbook of Forensic Medicine and Medicolegal Medicine. UMSU Press.
Priamsari, M. R., & Yuniawati, N. A. (2019). Skrinning Fitokimia dan Aktivitas Penyembuhan Luka Bakar Ekstrak Etanolik Morinda citrifolia L. pada Kulit Kelinci (Oryctolagus cuniculus). Journal of Pharmacy, 8(1), 22-28.
Purnama, H., Sriwidodo, & Ratnawulan, S. (2017). Systematic Review: Wound Healing and Care Process. Farmaka, 15(2), 251-258. https://doi.org/10.24198/jf.v15i2.13366.g6184
Purwanto, E. 2017. The Effectiveness of Rawit Chili Extract (Capsicum frutescens L.) on the Healing of Incision Wounds in Mice (Mus musculus). [Thesis]. Faculty of Nursing. Airlangga University. Surabaya.
Qamarani, S., & Aryani, R. (2023). Potensi Senyawa Flavonoid Sebagai Pengobatan Luka. Jurnal Riset Farmasi (JRF), 3(2), 69-74. https://doi.org/10.29313/jrf.v3i2.3113
Rini, Y. C., Susilowati, F., & Amal, A. S. S. (2020). Testing the Antioxidant Activity of Ethanol Extracts and Water Extracts of Habbatussauda' Seeds (Nigella sativa). Pharmaceutical Journal of Islamic Pharmacy, 4(1), 1-8.
Ritonga, Y. S. (2024). Physical Therapy Cases: Acute Care. Azzia Karya Bersama
Saputra, M. K. F., Rahmi, R. A. S., Fadillah, S., Habibi, Fazarudin, Susanti, F., Alfiani, D. R., Rahmi, N., Adji, T. P., Utama, S. D., Monica, R. D., & Sinulingga, E. (2024). Nursing Care for Patients with Wounds. CV. Gita Lentera.
Sari, L. N., Kanedi, M., Yulianty, & Ernawati, E. (2019). The Effectiveness of Ethanol Extract of Kenikir Leaves (Cosmos caudatus Kunth.) on the Healing of Incision Wounds in Mice (Mus musculus L.). BIOSFER: Journal of Biology Education, 10(2), 109-120.
Sari, A. N., & Masrillah. (2022). Blood Cell Morphology in Peripheral Blood Smears (PBS) Using Alternative Staining with Purple Cabbage Extract (Brassica oleracea L.). Ar-Raniry Journal, 9(2), 189-194. https://doi.org/10.22373/pbio.v9i2.11660
Septiawati, R., Kurniawati, D., & Herawati, A. (2023). The Effect of Ethanol Extract of Laban Bark (Vitex pubescens Vahl) on the Healing of Incision Wounds in White Rats. Tinctura Pharmacy Journal, 4(2), 50-62. https://doi.org/10.35316/tinctura.v4i2.2356
Siegel, A., & Walton, R. M. (2020). Hematology and Biochemistry of Small Mammals. Ferrets, Rabbits, and Rodents, 569-582. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-323-48435-0.00039-3
Sumarni, N. K. (2022). Article Review: Irritation Test of Topical Preparations from Herbal Plants. Journal of Mathematics and Science Network, 4(1), 13-24. https://doi.org/10.36873/jjms.2021.v4.i1.703
Susanto, Y., Solehah, F. A., Fadya, A., & Khaerati, K. (2023). The Potential of Combining Turmeric Rhizome Extract (Curcuma longa L.) and Betel Nut as an Anti-Inflammatory and Wound Healing Agent. PSCR: Journal of Pharmaceutical Science and Clinical Research, 1(1), 32-45. https://doi.org/10.20961/jpscr.v8i1.60314
Thaib, C. M., Supartiningsih, & Sofwan, A. G. (2021). Review of Medicinal Plants That Have Burn Healing Effects. Farmanesia, 8(1), 52-67.
Thangapazham, R. L., Sharad, S., & Maheshwari, R. K. (2016). Phytochemicals in Wound Healing. Advances In Wound Care, 5(5), 230-241. https://doi.org/10.1089/wound.2013.0505
Wijayantini, R., Cahyaningsih, R., & Permatasari, A. N. (2018). Effectiveness of 70% Ethanol Extract Ointment from Pandan Wangi Leaves on the Healing of Burns in Male White Mice. Fitofarmaka Scientific Journal of Pharmacy, 8(1), 32-42. https://doi.org/10.33751/jf.v8i1.1169
Wisnasari, S., Utami, Y. W., Susanto, A. H., & Dewi, E. S. (2021). Basic Nursing, Fundamentals for Professional Nursing Practice. Brawijaya University Press.
Wulandari, G., Rahman, A. A., & Rubiyanti, R. (2019). Uji Aktivitas Antibakteri Ekstrak Kulit Etanol Kulit Buah Alpukat (Persea americana Mill) Terhadap Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923. Media Informasi, 15(1), 74-80. https://doi.org/10.37160/bmi.v15i1.229
Zayyan, A. B., Nahzi, M. Y. I., & Kustiyah, I. (2016). The Effect of Mangosteen Peel Extract (Garcinia mangostana L.) on Lymphocyte Count in Pulp Inflammation: An In Vivo Study on Upper Molar Teeth of Male Wistar Rats. Dentino: Journal of Dentistry, 1(2), 33-38. https://dx.doi.org/10.20527/dentino.v1i2.559.g473
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2026 Nurly Agatha Putri, Iffa Afiqa Khairani, Lisana Husna Imaniar
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
