Marriage within The Same Clan (Nikah Samih): An Analysis of Alas Customary Law from the Perspective of Islamic Law
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.32332/jkb9t190Keywords:
Alas customary law, nikah samih, islamic law, maqāṣid al-syarīʿah, same-clan marriageAbstract
This study examines the prohibition of intra-clan marriage (Nikah Samih) in Alas customary law and analyzes the practice through Islamic law and maqāṣid al-sharīʿah. The study aims to clarify the practice, its normative foundations, and its relevance to Islamic legal principles within the Alas community. A qualitative empirical design with an ethnographic approach guided the research; data were collected through literature review, in-depth interviews with customary and religious leaders, and field observation in Southeast Aceh Regency. Findings indicate that Alas customary law treats same-clan marriage as equivalent to consanguineous marriage, imposes strict prohibition, and applies customary sanctions as social control to protect family honour. The prohibition does not correspond to religiously forbidden (mahram) categories as listed in the Qur’an (An-Nisāʼ: 22–24). The community regards Nikah Samih as local wisdom that may be observed provided it does not conflict with sharīʿah. A maqāṣid analysis demonstrates alignment of the customary prohibition with objectives of protecting lineage, life, intellect, and social harmony. The study concludes that Nikah Samih operates as a contextual customary norm motivated by maṣlaḥah (public interest) rather than as an absolute sharīʿah rule.
Downloads
References
Aditia, Rozy Kurniady, Rosnidar Sembiring, Idha Aprilyana Sembiring, and Maria Maria. ‘Pergesaran Larangan Perkawinan Semarga Dalam Masyarakat Adat Alas Di Desa Batu Mbulan Kabupaten Aceh Tenggara’. Journal of Law & Policy Review 2, no. 1 (2024): 60–73. https://doi.org/10.34007/jlpr.v2i1.449.
Akbar, H. T., T. Selian, S. Kartini, H. Ratnawaty, and K. S. Akbar. ‘Pedoman Peradilan Adat Dan Hakim Fungsional Adat Di Tanah Alas Kabupaten Aceh Tenggara’. Pemerintah Kabupaten Aceh Tenggara., 2021.
Akbar, H. T., T. Selian, and Syuhada K. A. Kartini. ‘Sanksi Dan Denda Tindak Pidana Adat Di Tanah Alas.’ Pemerintah Kabupaten Aceh Tenggara, 2014.
Batubara, Samin. ‘Pelarangan Perkawinan Satu Marga Dalam Adat Batak Mandailing di Desa Penyenggerahan, Sumatera Barat’. Al-Risalah: Forum Kajian Hukum dan Sosial Kemasyarakatan 18, no. 1 (2018): 1–12.
Butar-Butar, Ika Saprianti. ‘Analisis Hukum Islam Dan Hukum Adat Dalam Pernikahan Semarga Pada Suku Batak Toba’. Jurnal Ilmiah Mahasiswa Pendidikan [JIMEDU] 1, no. 4 (2021): 1–10.
Fitrah, Jariatun, and Mirsa Astuti. ‘Ketentuan Adat Alas Di Aceh Tenggara Tentang Perkawinan Semarga’. Eduyustisia: Jurnal Edukasi Hukum 2, no. 3 (2024): 28–34.
Hafizh, M., and R. Armi. ‘Kedudukan Wali Mujbir Dan Wali Hakim Dalam Perkawinan Menurut Hukum Islam’. Jurnal Hukum Keluarga Islam 7, no. 2 (2022): 201–15.
Irham, M. Psikologi Keluarga: Dinamika Dan Problematika Rumah Tangga. Raja Grafindo Persada, 2022.
Jumni, A., and N. Hasanah. ‘Larangan Perkawinan Dalam Perspektif Hukum Islam Dan Implikasinya Di Masyarakat.’ Jurnal Studi Syariah 9, no. 1 (2024): 77–92.
Kementerian Agama RI. Al-Quran Terjemahan Kementerian Agama RI. Lajnah Pentashihan Mushaf Al-Qur’an (LPMQ) Kementerian Agama RI, 2019.
Khalaf, A. W. Ilmu Ushul Fiqh (Ed. Revisi). Dina Utama, 2014.
Manalu, Rosita, Isjoni, and Yanuar. ‘Perkawinan Satu Marga (Perkawinan Adat Batak Angkola Di Kecamatan Sipirok Kabupaten Tapanuli Selatan Sumatera Utara)’. Jurnal Ilmiah Wahana Pendidikan 9, no. 13 (2023): 561–70.
Miles, Matthew B., and A. Michael Huberman. Qualitative Data Analysis: An Expanded Sourcebook. 2nd ed. Sage Publications, 1994.
Muzakki, A. ‘Kafā’ah Dalam Perkawinan Perspektif Fikih Dan Relevansinya Dalam Konteks Indonesia’. Jurnal Al-Ahwal 14, no. 2 (2021): 189–204.
Pangestu, Pujo, Asmawi, and Ahmad Muhtadi Anshor. ‘Larangan Pernikahan Semarga Dalam Adat Batak Labuhan Batu Utara Persepektif Teori Konflik George Simmel’. Ta’wiluna: Jurnal Ilmu Al-Qur’an, Tafsir dan Pemikiran Islam 6, no. 1 (2025): 518–26.
Paryadi. ‘Maqāṣid Al-Syarī‘ah: Definisi Dan Pendapat Para Ulama’. Jurnal Pemikiran Hukum Islam 4, no. 2 (2021): 201–16.
Rangkuti, Muhammad Yusuf, Muhammad Hafizh, and Mohd Zaidi Daud. ‘Penyimpangan Praktik Pernikahan Semarga dalam Adat Batak Mandailing di Kabupaten Mandailing Natal (Realitas, Faktor Penyebab, dan Pergeseran Norma)’. Al-Mazaahib: Jurnal Perbandingan Hukum 12, no. 2 (2025): 222–47.
Rasyid, M., A. Tanjung, and R. Siregar. ‘Larangan Perkawinan Sepupu Dalam Masyarakat Adat Alas: Studi Sosiologis Hukum Islam’. Jurnal Hukum Dan Masyarakat 10, no. 1 (2025): 55–72.
Sari, Y. ‘Perkawinan Semarga Pada Suku Alas Di Kecamatan Lawe Bulan Kabupaten Aceh Tenggara’. Jurnal Hukum Adat Nusantara 6, no. 2 (2023): 134–49.
Sekadang, N. ‘Sejarah Dan Adat Istiadat Masyarakat Alas Di Aceh Tenggara’. Dinas Kebudayaan Aceh Tenggara, 2022.
Siahaan, Rebekka Nikita, and Diana Amir. ‘Perkawinan Semarga Pada Masyarakat Batak Toba Di Desa Tanah Jawa Kabupaten Simalungun’. Zaaken: Journal of Civil and Bussiness Law 5, no. 1 (2024): 84–100.
Silalahi, Tommy Christian. ‘Perkawinan Semarga Menurut Hukum Adat Batak Toba (Studi Kasus Di Desa RiaRia, Kecamatan Pollung, Kabupaten Humbang Hasundutan, Sumatera Utara)’. JOM Fakultas Hukum Universitas Riau 8, no. 2 (2021): 1–15.
Suhaimi, M. R., and M. R. Hakim. ‘Al-Maqāṣid al-Syarī‘ah: Teori Dan Implementasi.’ Jurnal Studi Syariah Kontemporer 2, no. 1 (2023): 153–70.
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2026 Mhd. Haikal, Milhan
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
