ISLAM TRANSNASIONAL : TANTANGAN BAGI MODERASI BERAGAMA DI INDONESIA
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.32332/moderatio.v4i1.8847Keywords:
transnational Islam, exclusivism, religious moderation, religious exclusivism, violent extremismAbstract
This article discusses the impact and challenges of Transnational Islamic groups on strengthening Religious Moderation in Indonesia in promoting a balanced, tolerant and peaceful understanding of Islam, both at the local and global levels. This article was written using the exposition report method which relies on the strength of the author's opinion in reviewing literature facts about Transnational Islam and Religious Moderation in Indonesia. The concepts of Transnational Islam and Religious Moderation in this article are positioned in a face-to-face relationship, where Transnational Islam is positioned as a challenge for strengthening Religious Moderation in Indonesia. This article concludes that Transnational Islamic Groups, which in terms of ideology and religious practices contain a spirit of religious exclusivism, exclusivism, and violent extremism, are a challenge to religious moderation in Indonesia. These three spirits were formulated by the religious moderation program with the abbreviation REEVE. Based on these three challenge formulations, it can be understood that Strengthening Religious Moderation as a public policy is the Indonesian government's response to exclusive, extreme and radical religious practices which have a negative impact on the harmonization of social life in society and at the same time endanger the integrity of the Republic of Indonesia.
References
A’la, Abd. “Genealogi Radikalisme Muslim Nusantara: Akar Dan Karakteristik Pemikiran Dan Gerakan Kaum Padri Dalam Perspektif Hubungan Agama Dan Politik Kekuasaan.” Unpublish Paper IAIN Sunan Ampel Surabaya, 2008. http://digilib.uinsa.ac.id/6597/1/Genealogi Radikalisme Muslim Nusantara.pdf.
Agama, Kelompok Kerja Penguatan Moderasi. Peta Jalan (Roadmap) Moderasi Beragama Kementerian Agama RI 2020-2024. Jakarta: Kementerian Agama RI, 2020.
Ai Fatimah, Nur Fuad. “Kajian Literatur Tentang Perkembangan Historis Dan Transformasi Dakwah Gerakan Tarbiyah Di Indonesia.” Jurnal Lektur Keagamaan 17, no. 2 (2019): 349–82.
Aksa, Aksa. “Gerakan Islam Transnasional: Sebuah Nomenklatur, Sejarah Dan Pengaruhnya Di Indonesia.” Yupa: Historical Studies Journal 1, no. 1 (2017): 1–14. https://doi.org/10.30872/yupa.v1i1.86.
Alles, Delphine. Transnational Islamic Actors and Indonesia’s Foreign Policy Transcending the State. New York: Routledge, 2016.
Armstrong, Karen. Fields of Blood: Religion and the History of Violence. New York: Knopf, 2004.
Baabduh, Abu Abdillah Luqman. “Musuh-Musuh Dakwah Tauhid,” 2018. https://luqmanbaabduh.com/musuh-musuh-dakwah-tauhid/.
Bachtiar, Syamsul Arifin & Hasnan. “Deradikalisasi Ideologi Gerakan Islam.” Jurnal Harmoni 19, no. 3 (2013): 19–36. https://doi.org/10.24252/vp.v1i1.8099.
Beragama, Kelompok Kerja Penguatan Moderasi. “Modul Pelatihan Penguatan Moderasi Beragama.” Draft IV. Jakarta, 2021.
Blanc, Théo, and Olivier Roy. “SALAFISM: CHALLENGED BY RADICALIZATION?,” 2021. https://doi.org/10.2870/309942.
Bruinessen, Martin Van. “Indonesian Muslims and Their Place in the Larger World of Islam.” Indonesia Rising: The Repositioning of Asia’s Third Giant, no. January 2011 (2012): 117–40. https://doi.org/10.1355/9789814380416-013.
Dye, Thomas R. Understanding Public Policy. 14th ed. Pearson, 2013.
Eric Tagliacozzo, Shawkat M. Toorawa. The Hajj: Pilgrimage in Islam. Edited by Shawkat M. Toorawa Eric Tagliacozzo. Choice Reviews Online. Vol. 53. New York: Cambridge University Press, 2016. https://doi.org/10.5860/choice.197177.
Esposito, John L. “Political Islam and the West.” Washington DC, 2000.
Esposito, Zafar Ishaq Ansari & John L. Muslims and the West - Encounter and Dialogue. Georgetown University, 2001.
Eyestone, Robert. The Threads of Public Policy: A Study in Policy Leadership. Ottawa: Ardent Media, 1871.
Fine, Gary Alan, and Kent Sandstrom. “Ideology in Action: A Pragmatic Approach to a Contested Concept.” Sociological Theory 11, no. 1 (1993): 21. https://doi.org/10.2307/201978.
Formichi, Chiara. “From Fluid Identities to Sectarian Labels: A Historical Investigation of Indonesia’s Shi’i Communities.” Al-Jami’ah 52, no. 1 (2014): 101–26. https://doi.org/10.14421/ajis.2014.521.101-126.
———. “Pan-Islam and Religious Nationalism : The Case of Kartosuwiryo and Negara Islam Indonesia.” Indonesia 90, no. October (2010): 125–46. http://www.jstor.org/stable/20798235.
Gatra.com. “Sebut Muhammadiyah Dan NU Sesat, Penceramah Minta Maaf.” Gatra.com, 2021.
Hilmy, Masdar. “Akar-Akar Transnasionalisme Islam Hizbut Tahrir Indonesia (HTI).” ISLAMICA: Jurnal Studi Keislaman 6, no. 1 (2014): 1. https://doi.org/10.15642/islamica.2011.6.1.1-13.
Hosseini, Khaled, Ismail Hasani, and Tim Setara Institute. Radikalisme Agama Di Jabodetabek & Jawa Barat: Implikasinya Terhadap Jaminan Kebebasan Beragama/Berkeyakinan. Jakarta: Pustaka Masyarakat Setara, 2010.
Hosseinzadeh, Vahid. “Salafism and Its Socio-Intellectual Foundations.” Humanities and Social Sciences 3 (2015): 34–37.
Jusuf Wibisono. Islam Dan Sosialisme. Djakarta: Pustaka Islam, n.d. https://lib.ui.ac.id/m/detail.jsp?id=20380199&lokasi=lokal.
Kartosuwirjo. “Aniajaan Dan Siksaan,” September 26, 1926.
Khamdan, Muh. “Penanganan Potensi Radikalisme.” Journal.Stainkudus.Ac.Id 10, no. 1 (2016): 207–32. http://journal.stainkudus.ac.id/index.php/Addin/article/view/1135.
Khoiri, Ahmad. Menakar NKRI Bubar. Jakarta: Pustaka Harakatuna, 2021.
Khusairi, Abdullah. Gerakan Dan Pemikiran Islam Kontemporer: Kontestasi Diskursus Radikalisme Di Media Massa. Dialog. Vol. 44. Semarang: RaSail Media Group, 2019.
Kompas.com. “Toleransi Jadi Tantangan,” 2012. https://nasional.kompas.com/read/2012/06/06/03234293/toleransi.jadi.tantangan?page=all.
Mandaville, Peter. Islam and Politics. Islam and Politics, 2014. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315814773.
Mandaville, Peter, Farish A Noor, Alexander Horstmann, Dietrich Reetz, Ali Riaz, Noorhaidi Hasan, Ahmad Fauzi, Abdul Hamid, Rommel C Banlaoi, and Joseph C Liow. “Transnational Islam in South and Southeast Asia.” Director, no. april (2009): 1–210.
Mohammad Abdul-Monaem, Abdul-Hamid Affan. “Competing Models of the Modern Islamic State: Wahhabi vs. Muslim Brotherhood Ideologies.” American University in Cairo, 2014.
Mrahorović, Senad. “Karen Armstrong, Fields of Blood: Religion and the History of Violence.” Religions: A Scholarly Journal, 2016. https://doi.org/10.5339/rels.2016.peace.21.
Mubarak, Muhammad Zaki. Genealogi Islam Radikal Di Indonesia: Gerakan, Pemikiran Dan Prospek Demokrasi. Jakarta: LP3ES, 2008.
Muhammad Irfan Islamy. Prinsip-Prinsip Perumusan Kebijaksanaan Negara. Jakarta: Bumi Aksara, 2004.
Nasir, Muhammad. “The Historical Background of The Ideology of Terrorism In Indonesia After.” AJIS: Academic Journal of Islamic Studies 1, no. 1 (2016): 46.
Nawawi, Abdurrahman Abu Usamah bin Rawiyah an. “Kedudukan Tauhid Dalam Islam Dan Urgensinya,” 2016. https://salafy.or.id/kedudukan-tauhid-dalam-islam-dan-urgensinya/.
Noorhaidi Hasan. Laskar Jihad: Islam, Militancy, and the Quest for Identity in Post-New Order Indonesia. Cornell University Press, Southeast Asia Program Publications at Cornell University, 2006. https://www.jstor.org/stable/10.7591/j.ctv1nhk51.
Presiden Republik Indonesia. Peraturan Presiden Republik Indonesia Tentang Penguatan Moderasi Beragama. Indonesia, issued 2023.
Rahmat, Muhammad Imdadun. Arus Baru Islam Radikal. Jakarta: Erlangga, 2005.
Ramage, Douglas Edward. “Ideological Discourse in the Indonesian New Order : State Ideology and the Beliefs of an Elite, 1985-1993.” University of South Carolina, 1993.
Reid, Anthony. “Nineteenth Century Pan-Islam in Indonesia and Malaysia.” The Journal of Asian Studies 26, no. 2 (1967): 267–83. https://doi.org/10.2307/2051930.
———. “Pluralisme Agama Sebagai Tradisi Asia.” In Mengelola Keragaman Di Indonesia: Agama Dan Isu-Isu Globalisasi, Kekerasan, Gender, Dan Bencana Di Indonesia, edited by Bernard Adeney-Risakotta. Bandung: Mizan, 2015.
Republik Indonesia. Perpres. Peraturan Presiden Republik Indonesia Nomor 18 Tahun 2020 Tentang Rencana Pembangunan Jangka Menengah Nasional 2020-2024. Indonesia, issued 2020.
RI, Kementerian Agama. Buku Moderasi Beragama Kementerian Agama RI. Jakarta: Kementerian Agama RI, 2021.
Rizaty, Monavia Ayu. “Jumlah Penduduk Muslim Indonesia Terbesar Di Dunia Pada 2022,” 2022. https://dataindonesia.id/varia/detail/populasi-muslim-indonesia-terbesar-di-dunia-pada-2022.
Roy, Olivier. Globalized Islam: The Search for a New Ummah. New York: Columbia University Press, 2004.
———. The Failure of Political Islam. Cambridge Massachusetts: Harvard University Press, 1994.
Saefuddin, Lukman Halim. “Sketsa Kehidupan Beragama Di Indonesia.” Padang: Balai Diklat Keagamaan Padang, 2022.
Solahudin, Sidney Jones. “Terrorism in Indonesia: Fading Threat?” Southeast Asian Affairs, 2014, 139–147. http://www.jstor.org/stable/44112070.
Sucahyo, Nurhadi. “Ideologi Islam Transnasional Dan Transformasi Ke Konteks Lokal.” voaindonesia.com, 2020. https://www.voaindonesia.com/a/ideologi-islam-transnasional-dan-transformasi-ke-konteks-lokal-/5629789.html.
Wahid, Abdurrahman. Ilusi Ngara Islam: Ekspansi Gerakan Islam Transnasional Di Indonesia. Edited by Abdurrahman Wahid. Jakarta: The Wahid Institute, 2009.
Agama, Kelompok Kerja Penguatan Moderasi. Peta Jalan (Roadmap) Moderasi Beragama Kementerian Agama RI 2020-2024. Jakarta: Kementerian Agama RI, 2020.
Ai Fatimah, Nur Fuad. “Kajian Literatur Tentang Perkembangan Historis Dan Transformasi Dakwah Gerakan Tarbiyah Di Indonesia.” Jurnal Lektur Keagamaan 17, no. 2 (2019): 349–82.
Aksa, Aksa. “Gerakan Islam Transnasional: Sebuah Nomenklatur, Sejarah Dan Pengaruhnya Di Indonesia.” Yupa: Historical Studies Journal 1, no. 1 (2017): 1–14. https://doi.org/10.30872/yupa.v1i1.86.
Alles, Delphine. Transnational Islamic Actors and Indonesia’s Foreign Policy Transcending the State. New York: Routledge, 2016.
Armstrong, Karen. Fields of Blood: Religion and the History of Violence. New York: Knopf, 2004.
Baabduh, Abu Abdillah Luqman. “Musuh-Musuh Dakwah Tauhid,” 2018. https://luqmanbaabduh.com/musuh-musuh-dakwah-tauhid/.
Bachtiar, Syamsul Arifin & Hasnan. “Deradikalisasi Ideologi Gerakan Islam.” Jurnal Harmoni 19, no. 3 (2013): 19–36. https://doi.org/10.24252/vp.v1i1.8099.
Beragama, Kelompok Kerja Penguatan Moderasi. “Modul Pelatihan Penguatan Moderasi Beragama.” Draft IV. Jakarta, 2021.
Blanc, Théo, and Olivier Roy. “SALAFISM: CHALLENGED BY RADICALIZATION?,” 2021. https://doi.org/10.2870/309942.
Bruinessen, Martin Van. “Indonesian Muslims and Their Place in the Larger World of Islam.” Indonesia Rising: The Repositioning of Asia’s Third Giant, no. January 2011 (2012): 117–40. https://doi.org/10.1355/9789814380416-013.
Dye, Thomas R. Understanding Public Policy. 14th ed. Pearson, 2013.
Eric Tagliacozzo, Shawkat M. Toorawa. The Hajj: Pilgrimage in Islam. Edited by Shawkat M. Toorawa Eric Tagliacozzo. Choice Reviews Online. Vol. 53. New York: Cambridge University Press, 2016. https://doi.org/10.5860/choice.197177.
Esposito, John L. “Political Islam and the West.” Washington DC, 2000.
Esposito, Zafar Ishaq Ansari & John L. Muslims and the West - Encounter and Dialogue. Georgetown University, 2001.
Eyestone, Robert. The Threads of Public Policy: A Study in Policy Leadership. Ottawa: Ardent Media, 1871.
Fine, Gary Alan, and Kent Sandstrom. “Ideology in Action: A Pragmatic Approach to a Contested Concept.” Sociological Theory 11, no. 1 (1993): 21. https://doi.org/10.2307/201978.
Formichi, Chiara. “From Fluid Identities to Sectarian Labels: A Historical Investigation of Indonesia’s Shi’i Communities.” Al-Jami’ah 52, no. 1 (2014): 101–26. https://doi.org/10.14421/ajis.2014.521.101-126.
———. “Pan-Islam and Religious Nationalism : The Case of Kartosuwiryo and Negara Islam Indonesia.” Indonesia 90, no. October (2010): 125–46. http://www.jstor.org/stable/20798235.
Gatra.com. “Sebut Muhammadiyah Dan NU Sesat, Penceramah Minta Maaf.” Gatra.com, 2021.
Hilmy, Masdar. “Akar-Akar Transnasionalisme Islam Hizbut Tahrir Indonesia (HTI).” ISLAMICA: Jurnal Studi Keislaman 6, no. 1 (2014): 1. https://doi.org/10.15642/islamica.2011.6.1.1-13.
Hosseini, Khaled, Ismail Hasani, and Tim Setara Institute. Radikalisme Agama Di Jabodetabek & Jawa Barat: Implikasinya Terhadap Jaminan Kebebasan Beragama/Berkeyakinan. Jakarta: Pustaka Masyarakat Setara, 2010.
Hosseinzadeh, Vahid. “Salafism and Its Socio-Intellectual Foundations.” Humanities and Social Sciences 3 (2015): 34–37.
Jusuf Wibisono. Islam Dan Sosialisme. Djakarta: Pustaka Islam, n.d. https://lib.ui.ac.id/m/detail.jsp?id=20380199&lokasi=lokal.
Kartosuwirjo. “Aniajaan Dan Siksaan,” September 26, 1926.
Khamdan, Muh. “Penanganan Potensi Radikalisme.” Journal.Stainkudus.Ac.Id 10, no. 1 (2016): 207–32. http://journal.stainkudus.ac.id/index.php/Addin/article/view/1135.
Khoiri, Ahmad. Menakar NKRI Bubar. Jakarta: Pustaka Harakatuna, 2021.
Khusairi, Abdullah. Gerakan Dan Pemikiran Islam Kontemporer: Kontestasi Diskursus Radikalisme Di Media Massa. Dialog. Vol. 44. Semarang: RaSail Media Group, 2019.
Kompas.com. “Toleransi Jadi Tantangan,” 2012. https://nasional.kompas.com/read/2012/06/06/03234293/toleransi.jadi.tantangan?page=all.
Mandaville, Peter. Islam and Politics. Islam and Politics, 2014. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315814773.
Mandaville, Peter, Farish A Noor, Alexander Horstmann, Dietrich Reetz, Ali Riaz, Noorhaidi Hasan, Ahmad Fauzi, Abdul Hamid, Rommel C Banlaoi, and Joseph C Liow. “Transnational Islam in South and Southeast Asia.” Director, no. april (2009): 1–210.
Mohammad Abdul-Monaem, Abdul-Hamid Affan. “Competing Models of the Modern Islamic State: Wahhabi vs. Muslim Brotherhood Ideologies.” American University in Cairo, 2014.
Mrahorović, Senad. “Karen Armstrong, Fields of Blood: Religion and the History of Violence.” Religions: A Scholarly Journal, 2016. https://doi.org/10.5339/rels.2016.peace.21.
Mubarak, Muhammad Zaki. Genealogi Islam Radikal Di Indonesia: Gerakan, Pemikiran Dan Prospek Demokrasi. Jakarta: LP3ES, 2008.
Muhammad Irfan Islamy. Prinsip-Prinsip Perumusan Kebijaksanaan Negara. Jakarta: Bumi Aksara, 2004.
Nasir, Muhammad. “The Historical Background of The Ideology of Terrorism In Indonesia After.” AJIS: Academic Journal of Islamic Studies 1, no. 1 (2016): 46.
Nawawi, Abdurrahman Abu Usamah bin Rawiyah an. “Kedudukan Tauhid Dalam Islam Dan Urgensinya,” 2016. https://salafy.or.id/kedudukan-tauhid-dalam-islam-dan-urgensinya/.
Noorhaidi Hasan. Laskar Jihad: Islam, Militancy, and the Quest for Identity in Post-New Order Indonesia. Cornell University Press, Southeast Asia Program Publications at Cornell University, 2006. https://www.jstor.org/stable/10.7591/j.ctv1nhk51.
Presiden Republik Indonesia. Peraturan Presiden Republik Indonesia Tentang Penguatan Moderasi Beragama. Indonesia, issued 2023.
Rahmat, Muhammad Imdadun. Arus Baru Islam Radikal. Jakarta: Erlangga, 2005.
Ramage, Douglas Edward. “Ideological Discourse in the Indonesian New Order : State Ideology and the Beliefs of an Elite, 1985-1993.” University of South Carolina, 1993.
Reid, Anthony. “Nineteenth Century Pan-Islam in Indonesia and Malaysia.” The Journal of Asian Studies 26, no. 2 (1967): 267–83. https://doi.org/10.2307/2051930.
———. “Pluralisme Agama Sebagai Tradisi Asia.” In Mengelola Keragaman Di Indonesia: Agama Dan Isu-Isu Globalisasi, Kekerasan, Gender, Dan Bencana Di Indonesia, edited by Bernard Adeney-Risakotta. Bandung: Mizan, 2015.
Republik Indonesia. Perpres. Peraturan Presiden Republik Indonesia Nomor 18 Tahun 2020 Tentang Rencana Pembangunan Jangka Menengah Nasional 2020-2024. Indonesia, issued 2020.
RI, Kementerian Agama. Buku Moderasi Beragama Kementerian Agama RI. Jakarta: Kementerian Agama RI, 2021.
Rizaty, Monavia Ayu. “Jumlah Penduduk Muslim Indonesia Terbesar Di Dunia Pada 2022,” 2022. https://dataindonesia.id/varia/detail/populasi-muslim-indonesia-terbesar-di-dunia-pada-2022.
Roy, Olivier. Globalized Islam: The Search for a New Ummah. New York: Columbia University Press, 2004.
———. The Failure of Political Islam. Cambridge Massachusetts: Harvard University Press, 1994.
Saefuddin, Lukman Halim. “Sketsa Kehidupan Beragama Di Indonesia.” Padang: Balai Diklat Keagamaan Padang, 2022.
Solahudin, Sidney Jones. “Terrorism in Indonesia: Fading Threat?” Southeast Asian Affairs, 2014, 139–147. http://www.jstor.org/stable/44112070.
Sucahyo, Nurhadi. “Ideologi Islam Transnasional Dan Transformasi Ke Konteks Lokal.” voaindonesia.com, 2020. https://www.voaindonesia.com/a/ideologi-islam-transnasional-dan-transformasi-ke-konteks-lokal-/5629789.html.
Wahid, Abdurrahman. Ilusi Ngara Islam: Ekspansi Gerakan Islam Transnasional Di Indonesia. Edited by Abdurrahman Wahid. Jakarta: The Wahid Institute, 2009.
Downloads
Published
2024-05-24
Issue
Section
Articles
License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License
