RELIGIOUS MODERATION AND SOCIAL HARMONY IN INDONESIA: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW AND THEMATIC SYNTHESIS, 2020–2026
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.32332/moderatio.v6i1.14935Abstract
Moderasi beragama telah menjadi kerangka strategis dalam mengelola keberagaman di Indonesia. Namun, bukti empiris yang menjelaskan bagaimana nilai-nilai moderasi diterjemahkan menjadi keharmonisan sosial masih tersebar dalam berbagai konteks pendidikan, komunitas, kelembagaan, budaya, dan ruang digital. Penelitian ini bertujuan menyintesis jalur implementasi, mekanisme sosial, faktor pendukung dan penghambat, serta hasil dari implementasi moderasi beragama di Indonesia. Penelitian menggunakan metode systematic literature review yang dilaksanakan sesuai dengan PRISMA 2020 dan dilanjutkan dengan sintesis tematik. Rekaman bibliografis yang diterbitkan pada periode 2020–2026 diperoleh melalui Publish or Perish sebagai antarmuka penelusuran terhadap Scopus, Google Scholar, Crossref, dan Semantic Scholar. Dari 1.600 rekaman awal, sebanyak 49 studi empiris dipertahankan setelah melalui proses deduplikasi, penyaringan relevansi, penilaian kelayakan teks lengkap, dan penilaian kualitas. Kearifan lokal dan praktik budaya merupakan jalur implementasi yang paling sering ditemukan (67,3%), diikuti pendidikan dan internalisasi nilai (61,2%), serta fasilitasi kelembagaan atau kepemimpinan (51,0%). Toleransi merupakan hasil yang paling sering dilaporkan (65,3%), diikuti penurunan radikalisme atau intoleransi (44,9%) dan keharmonisan sosial atau keagamaan (36,7%). Hasil sintesis menunjukkan bahwa moderasi beragama tidak secara otomatis menghasilkan keharmonisan sosial. Dampaknya muncul ketika nilai-nilai normatif diterjemahkan menjadi praktik sosial yang dilakukan secara berulang melalui institusi, budaya lokal, pendidikan, keterlibatan lintas agama, dan komunikasi inklusif. Penelitian ini mengusulkan model integratif yang sensitif terhadap konteks untuk memperkuat kebijakan dan praktik moderasi beragama di Indonesia.
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