COMPARISON OF THE CONCEPTS OF DEMOCRATIC AND SHURA SYSTEMS OF GOVERNMENT

: The concept of a system of government of Democracy and Shura is often debated. Opinions related to the Islamic system of government are interconnected with the democratic system arises because in Islamic government, there is a concept of shura which is considered the same as the concept of democracy. Shura is a constitutional principle in Islamic nomocracy because, at the time of the Prophet SAW, the application pattern varied, then in the development of Islamic government. At the same time, democracy can be interpreted as a government managed by the people in a society. The people are important as the source of sovereignty and power. In this study, researchers describe the similarities and differences between democratic and shura government systems. In this study, the author used library research data collection techniques. Based on the research that has been done, it can be concluded that the difference between democratic and shura government systems is the source of democracy. The voice of the people is the legitimacy of the voice of God. Whereas in Shura, God's voice must be the people's voice. The similarity of the concept of shura with the idea of democracy is that they both recognize and respect the right of each individual to express an opinion. Conversely, both have the principles of equality, freedom, and justice in deliberation.


INTRODUCTION
Democracy and Shura are often considered to be the same system of government. But they were born from different worlds. Democracy comes from the Western world, which has historical roots and a worldview different from the Islamic world.
Furthermore, some even hold the view that democracy has a substantial foundation that is different from Islam. If Islam has its source in the Qur'an and the Sunnah of the Prophet, then democracy is purely the result of human thought. 1 The opportunity for study/discourse is discussed in the Qur'an under the term Shura (parliamentary framework, participating in deliberations in Indonesian). Muslim scholars have a wide range of opinions. Some argue that democracy and shura-based frameworks have values and similarities, while others say they are contradictory. Muslims agree that there are similarities and differences between the majority government and Shura. 2 Shura is a joint of life in society and state used as a principle that must be upheld on earth. Shura is a principle that asserts that all power problems can be discussed. Regarding the way of deliberation, what needs to be formed is the institution of consideration. There must be a way of making decisions, implementing deliberative choices, and other aspects of governance, so a principle of deliberation is shari'a. 3 Most Islamic religions in Indonesia have systems or rules for expressing opinions and the choice to communicate in good language about views in the media. The media is a channel or instrument to achieve the purpose of correspondence. Media is one of the communication aids for the community. Considering that voice-based systems require articulation opportunities and press opportunities. 4 In this article, the author examines the concepts of democratic and Shura government systems; what is meant by comparison in this study is the similarities and differences between democratic and Shura government systems.

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This type of approach is descriptive. Descriptive research is research that seeks to tell the solution of existing problems based on data. The type of qualitative descriptive research used in this study is intended to obtain information about the system of government, democracy and shura.

RESULT AND DISCUSSION
The starting point of democratic governance as a political framework can be traced back to about 100 BC. (S.M.) When the Greeks who established the polis (city-state) tried to answer this question. How the political establishment is structured to serve the interests of everyone and the government assistance of society.
Since then, democracy has been a political system that has experienced its ups and downs throughout human experience. Derived from the Latin demos (people) and Kratos (power), voice-based systems are always associated with the structure of the government of, by, and for the community or managed by the community. The idea of democracy as a type of government began with the contemplation of Greek logicians such as Socrates From the beginning to the turn of events today, the democratic system has been essential to human social problems, problems in elements, and stable changes. The understanding and practice of democratic governance evolve and conditions so that it can vary from place to place. Democracy is considered the best system of government.  From some of the translations above, the majority thinking and government is the command of Allah SWT in making common choices, and thinking is the ideal way to agree.
As for the statement of Allah SWT related to deliberation is found in Q.S Ali Imran[3]; 159:   The Ummah had a lot of help from God in their battle against the polytheists who hindered the spread of Islam. Support appears as quick wins, sometimes, such as Clash of Badr, where they win an overwhelming victory, and Skirmish of Hunain, where they initially lose and then win. Also, whatever we do because of Allah SWT will be helped by Allah SWT.
The majority set governance and thinking apart from the just and steady nature, especially surrendering to Allah SWT, because the best help from Allah SWT and the best place to indulge is Allah SWT.
In addition to that, the statement of Allah SWT (Q.SAl-Hujurat[49]; 13): In terms of rules, everyone is equal before the law. The difference in needs between the two is due to the problem of strict obedience to God and His messengers.
Thus, after restricting interference and offending others, Allah Subanakh Wa Tala advised them that they were equal people to the nobility. 13 From the above understanding, Shura regulates the government and sees these So in the concept of shura, any problem that will be discussed in the shura assembly must first be directed to the basis and source of the ruling of the Qur'an and Sunnah. When there are no strong nas (the basis of the Qur'an and Sunnah), then the members of the shura assembly perform ijtihad to seek the ruling by comparing and researching the available verses and hadiths and adjusting and considering the matter being discussed and then qiyas with the existing ruling. Close to what is being talked about. 14 Amin Rais proposed ten criteria so that a political system can be said to be a democracy  Barat",no 1 (n.d.), https://www.mendeley.com/viewer/?fileId=35887bcb-ee74-74e1-5020-b6f3787b0de3&documentId=6fcc7e43-1649-3e56-9fba-92393cc1100b.

MILRev : Metro Islamic Law Review
ISSN: 2986-528X Vol. 2 No. 1 Januari-Juni 2023, Halaman 52 -64 59 a. Democracy is not only the final and best form of the system of government but also a noble political doctrine that will benefit most countries.
b. Democracy as a political system and government is considered to have long historical roots (since ancient Greece). Hence, it is resilient and can guarantee the implementation of a stable political environment.
c. Democracy is seen as the most natural and humane system.
Conceptually, democracy is a form or mechanism of a country's government system to realize people's sovereignty (citizen power) over the state to be run by the country's government. One of the pillars of democracy is the principle of trias politica which divides the state's political power into three parts, namely executive, judicial, and legislative. These three political powers of the state are manifested in three types of state institutions that are independent and in equal rank. The alignment and independence of these three types of state institutions are needed to supervise and control each other based on the principle of checks and balances. 17 The differences between the democratic and Shura systems of government are summarized in the following table: The similarity of the concept of shura with the idea of democracy is that both recognize and respect every individual's right to express opinions. In contrast, both also have the principles of equality, freedom, and justice in conducting deliberation. Although there are similarities between Shura and democracy, as stated by some.
However, there is a very substantial difference between the two, considering that Shura c. Man on earth derives his power from the rule of God according to the concept of a caliphate.
Syûrâ, as the basic principle of the Muslim state and society, places the participation of the people in reaching decisions. This principle was used in the imâmah or bay'ah tracts in the past. 20 Such popular participation is often considered a theory of 19 Ichsan, "Syura dan Demokrasi Perspektif Islam Dan Barat". 20 Mumtaz Ahmad, State Politics and Islam (American Trust Publications, 1986).

MILRev : Metro Islamic Law Review
ISSN: 2986-528X Vol. 2 No. 1 Januari-Juni 2023, Halaman 52 -64 63 democracy, so democracy is understood as a form of elaboration of the system of syûrâ contained in the Book of Allâh. 21

CONCLUSION
Law and order, the general public, political foundations, and a free and responsible press are implementations that support the improvement of the Shura-based system. We as citizens must take part in building a voice-based country. Moreover, as productive members of society, we must respond to this government with a positive activity, not political agitation, money-related approaches, and mistrust. Consequently, we must carefully encourage our political development and agree with every standard in a just life.
In the system of judgment and thought, one must cling to Allah because the opportunity of decision telling the truth, steady deliberation, and great will continue to be assisted by Allah SWT, some perspectives that we can take from the verses of the Qur'an above have examined how to organize His people in seeing the point of view of others to realize better what is good and right, and Islamic culture has the option to argue accurately and by facts. The Islamic system of government should reflect the interests of the Ummah or many individuals, not focus on individual interests.