WORD FORMATION IN ARABIC: A MORPHOLOGICAL ANALYSIS OF EGYPTIAN-PRODUCED SNACKS

Like any other language, Arabic continues to evolve in line with the times. This can be seen with the emergence of new vocabulary. Studying word formation in Arabic is essential to trace the development of Arabic used by people in this era. This study analyzes Arabic word formation in snack products produced in Egypt. This research is qualitative research with a descriptive method. The research data was taken from several shops in Cairo, Egypt, and as many as 20 products in September. The data were collected using observation and documentation methods. One hundred ninety-seven data were selected using a simple random sampling technique. The data were analyzed using content analysis with a morphological approach regarding word formation. This study found various forms of words with the formation process of derivation, affixation


Introduction
Language is a social entity; language changes cannot be separated from changes that occur in the community of speakers. 1Many factors influence changes in the language-speaking community.Changes that occur are possible because the language commonly used can no longer meet the needs of language speakers in interacting or conveying oral and written ideas.
Like any other language, Arabic develops with the development of science, technology, and its speakers.Language development is reflected in various things, including products produced by humans and snack products.The data source was chosen because snacks are very close to today's society.Based on observations made by researchers, almost all stalls along the road in Cairo sell snacks, both small and large shops.As if these snacks are equivalent to staple foods.Because these snacks are close to the culture of the community, the development of the language in the packaging may also be a language that lives and develops in the community.
Research on language development in the community needs to be done so that people can know and learn the language according to its development.Many researchers have conducted several studies related to word formation.Among them is word formation in Indonesian, which focuses on acronyms, clipping, and blending. 2Meanwhile, in English, research has been conducted by Cannon 3 ; Jacobs 4 ; Nafisah & Budiarso 5 .The research focuses on forming English words or terms in social media.Hadi has also carried out word formation in Arabic by studying new word formation in Arabic.The results of this study say that there are five morphological processes in Arabic, namely qiyas, isytiqaq, ta'rib, tadkhil, and acronyms. 6with the Kufa School, which asserts that verbs are the origin of all their derivatives.11Because of the morphological processes, the word classes in the Arabic language are numerous.One word in Arabic can be derived into more than tenword forms or what is commonly called shigah.On the other hand, a one-word form in Arabic can inflect into 14 words because the form of the subject in terms of gender and number affects the word form.In addition, Arabic today is also heavily influenced by English as an international language that is widely used by the world community in communication.
Based on the above, the formation of words with the borrowing process becomes one of the processes that cannot be denied.The birth of new vocabulary with various techniques, on the one hand, is a positive thing that results from human creativity.Still, on the other hand, new vocabulary that does not follow proper language rules can also damage the existing language system.12Therefore, research related to word formation that is currently developing is needed as an effort to monitor linguistic phenomena in the morphological aspect.This research is expected to be one of the efforts to listen to and watch the development of word formation that is currently developing.

Method
This research is a qualitative descriptive research.The object of this research is snacks sold in shops in Cairo -Egypt.The method of data collection is by observation and documentation.Researchers searched several stores in Cairo, Egypt, in September and documented snacks in almost all stores.The products collected were 20 products.After that, using the simple random sampling technique, the researcher selected data for research, totaling 197.
The sample data will be analyzed using content analysis using the Morphology approach, especially in the aspect of word formation.In this case, the researcher is guided by the theory developed by Katamba13 and Yule14 .This theory focuses on the analysis of word structure, which includes changes in word form achieved through affixation, derivation, and so on.Therefore, the views of the two linguists were adapted to the characteristics of the words that served as the data source in this research.The data in Table 1 shows a variety of word formations from fi'il madi as the initial form of the words.The word formation is intended to adjust the meaning intended by the author.For example, the first word in the data is a derivation of the word ‫ن‬ ّ ‫.كو‬ The word means to form, then changed into shigah ism maf'ul to show the meaning of the word formed or made from ... or ingredient.Furthermore, in data no.5, which means factory, the shighah of the word is isim makan, which is included in the wazan ‫ل‬ َ ‫ع‬ ْ ‫ف‬ َ ‫م‬ , which shows a place to make something because it comes from the noun ‫صنع‬ , which means to make.The formation of the word is through the process of derivation or changing the word class from verb to noun or from fi'il madhi to ism makan.Affixation Affixation is the process of forming words by adding affixes, either prefixes, infixes, or suffixes.Examples of prefixes in English are re, un, and in, for instance, remake, untidy, and inaccurate.Infixes in English are rare, unlike in Arabic and Hebrew.Examples of words with infixes are incubate, incubus, concubine and succubus, incumbent, succumb, and decumbent.While suffixes in English, for example, the affixes -ly, -er, -ist, -ing, and ed, measures are in words kindly, waiter, walked, quickly, and so on Katamba. 25 Arabic is a language that has many affixes.Word formation through affixation in Arabic is achieved by employing prefixes (sawabiq), infixes (hasywu), suffixes (lawahiq), and confixes (muzdawijah), which are additions in two places at once. 26ll of these affixes come from essential words, which in Arabic consist of 3 letters and four letters.From this word, various forms of words are formed from 3 letters to 6 letters.Sometimes, due to the morphological process, a comment can only be formed from one letter, for example, the word ِ ‫ق‬ , a fi'il Amar (command word) meaning take care.Here are examples of comments that contain affixation.The data collected is taken from the packaging of snacks produced in Egypt.The following words are also presented along with their base forms.This demonstrates the existence of word form changes. Another thing shown by the following terms is the "muannas salim" plural form, which is more commonly used than other forms.user took the beginning of the second word.The term is then absorbed into Arabic following its original form as ‫.بسكو‬

Conclusion
Arabic words in Egyptian snack food packaging are formed from various word forms.The formation processes that are widely used are derivation, affixation, and borrowing.The basic word in Arabic is a 3-letter verb, so the derivation is formed from the verb into various forms, including Masdar, isim makan, isim fa'il, and so on.Affixation also starts from 3-letter fi'il madi with affixes at the beginning of alif; alif and nun; alif and ta, can also be with affixes in the middle in the form of alif and can also be from nouns or isim mufrod with affixes at the end of the word in the form of ta marbuthah, wau and nun, alif and ta to show plural.Further research with the same theme and different locations will provide novelty for the development of Arabic from time to time, which permanently has changed, especially when viewed from contact between cultures and languages that cannot be avoided.