TRANSLATION OF REGISTERS ON THE FRIDAY SERMON AT NABAWI MOSQUE

Abstract


Introduction
Translation as an act of communication between communities/national races has played a broad and extraordinary role.It is hard to imagine if there is no translation, how the interaction model and what kind of communication can help the world's citizens as it has been done so far.Translation activities in the religious field, for example, as a place of worship for all Muslims worldwide, namely at the Nabawi Mosque; this is where various types of worship are implemented.One of them is the implementation of Friday prayers; discussing Friday prayers indeed cannot be separated from the Friday sermon, which is mandatory for all prayer congregations.With the communication in these activities, of course, there is a language.
Language has a system and subsystem that all language speakers understand.However, the language speakers are not a homogeneous collection of humans even though they are in a speech community.Therefore, the concrete form of language, called parole, becomes non-uniform.The diversity of this language is not only caused by the speakers of words that are not homogeneous but also by various social interaction activities.This diversity will increase more and more if it is used by many other speakers and from an extensive area. 1 Language is a way of communication that can directly affect both parties, namely speakers and speech partners (interlocutors).Language is a communication tool that conveys messages from speakers (communicators) to speech partners (communicants).Two kinds of language communication occur between people in society: unidirectional and two-way. 2 There are several examples of unidirectional communication, such as communication used by speakers, influencers, preachers, or preachers who communicate intending to convey or influence the content of the conversation presented, for example, at a national seminar, which is presented by a famous speaker or influencer to build or encourage the speech partners or interlocutors.In addition, there are other examples, such as Friday sermons delivered by ustadz or preachers who have addresses to convey or advise the Friday prayer congregation.
Every language has its own system.Catford says that the peculiarity in the system is called sui generis. 3Nida and Taber also mention that each language has its genius.This means that each language has specific characteristics or differs from other languages. 4These characteristics must be addressed in the

Method
The author uses descriptive qualitative research methods.According to Williams, qualitative research differs from other methods in several ways.In this relationship, Williams mentions three aspects that distinguish it all, namely: 1) Basic views (hypotheses) about the nature of reality, the relationship between the researcher and the researched, the possibility of drawing generalisations, the possibility of establishing causal relationships, and the role of value in research.2) Characteristics of the qualitative research approach itself.3) The process followed to carry out qualitative research. 7enerally, qualitative research develops as a research method in the context of problems about social phenomena, culture, and human behaviour.In this study, the author discusses the translation of the register in the Friday sermon of Ash-Sheikh Dr. Abdul Muhsin Al-Qosim at the Nabawi Mosque.
Various variations or diversity of language are caused by language speakers who are not homogeneous but also due to diverse social interaction activities.This diversity will increase if many speakers use the language in a large area.In terms of language variation, there are two views, namely the variety or variety of languages that are seen as a result of the social diversity of language speakers and their functions and the type or combination of languages that already exist to fulfil their role as a means of interaction in the variety of community activities.
The author is based on Edward Finegan's theory, which will discuss terms in the form of words, phrases, clauses, and sentences used by Friday preachers at the Nabawi Mosque.Based on the author's opinions and explanations, a register is a form of language variation in the form of unique vocabulary used by several social groups in the same field, job, or activity.The diversity of extraordinary speech by social groups will form a special meaning that the activity group can also understand.

Result and Discussion
This research takes the material object in the form of a Friday sermon from the cleric Ash-Shaikh Dr. Abdul Muhsin Al-Qosim at the Nabawi mosque, which was taken from a YouTube social media video.With the translator, Abu Abdil Muhsin Firanda.The material object can then be collected into 157 data points: language registers according to language form, code mix, and function.This chapter will explain the kinds of language registers according to the language form of religious terminology, code mix, and procedures contained in the text of the Friday sermon of scholars at the Nabawi Mosque.
In this study, the author categorises language registers according to the language form of terminology according to Al Ghamdi's theory, code mix, and language function according to Jakobson's theory. 8In determining the language registers that correspond to the religious terminology, they are grouped into 11 categories, namely: eschatology, moral and ethical culture, religious artefacts, religious constructions, religious events, religious groups, religious personages, religious sites, specialised religious activities, supernatural beings, and terms of revelation.And code mixes in the form of words or phrases.In addition, language registers are also grouped into six kinds of language functions according to Jakobson's theory: dynamic function, conative function, referential function, poetic function, phatic function, and multilingual function.
In the Friday sermon of Ash-Sheikh Dr. Abdul Muhsin Al-Qosim, there are three types of registers consisting of 7 types of religious terminology, code mix, and five types of language functions.

Religious Terminology Terms
Nababan states that a word may have a social or cultural meaning in a community group, but the word can have a different meaning in another community group.This is because of the difficulties often encountered by translators in translating terms related to culture.Many researchers have studied this issue, one of which is the theory of Al Ghamdi, which describes eleven categories of religious terminology that will be used in this study.Based on the table, it can be observed that there are seven registers of religious terminology terms in the Friday sermon by the cleric Ash-Shaikh Dr. Abdul Muhsin Al-Qosim.The findings of religious terminology registers are eschatology 8 data (5.1%),moral and ethical culture 13 data (8.3%),religious groups 13 data (8.3%),holy personages 45 data (28.7%),specialised religious activities 11 data (7%), supernatural beings 22 data (14%), and term of revelations 45 data (28.7%) in the Friday sermon of the cleric of Ash-Shaikh Dr. Abdul Muhsin Al-Qosim.

Religious Personages
Religious terminology terms in the category of holy personages in the Friday sermons of Ash-Shaikh Dr. A. M Al-Qosim are used to indicate the names of people and common nouns.The type of holy personages can be realised by identifying religious terminology, such as Isa, Prophet Muhammad, and Moses.In this study, the author found religious language in the category of holy personages as much as 45 data (28.5%) in the Friday sermon, for example, namely: . The following is an example of data analysis of religious terminology in the category of holy personages.

BSa :
And I bear witness that Muhammad is an enslaved person, and His messenger, [A.Abdil M Firanda, 0:22]   The table above presents the data using religious terminology in the category of holy personages.The data obtained from the Friday sermon of the scholar Ash-Shaikh A. M. Al-Qosim at the Nabawi mosque with the clause as in the table above shows the source language (BSu) with the word ‫ا"‬ ً ‫"محمد‬ /muchammadan/ which is interpreted in the target language (BSa) with "Muhammad" is included in the category of religious personages.The holy personages category is divided into two criteria: names of people and common nouns.The second criterion is usually less than the first. 9n the Al-Munawwir dictionary, the word ‫ا"‬ ً ‫"محمد‬ /muchammadan/ can also be interpreted from the word ‫م"‬ ّ ‫وسل‬ ‫عليه‬ ّ ‫الل‬ ّ ‫صىل‬ ّ ‫ي‬ ‫"النب‬ with the target language (BSa) being "Prophet Muhammad Saw". 10 The identification is included in the register of religious terminology with the category of holy personages because the word "Muhammad" is the last prophet and apostle whom Allah commanded to preach Islam to his people.Muhammad is the name of a person, namely the name of the previous prophet, whom all Muslims glorify to convey the guidelines for the people of Islam, namely the Quran.

Term of Revelation
The terms of religious terminology in the category term of revelation in the Friday sermon of the cleric Ash-Shaikh Dr. A. M Al-Qosim are used to indicate all things shown by God to humans as proof of His power.In identifying religious terminology in the category term of revelation, for example, revelation, Al-Qur'an, Hadith, Gospel, Torah, etc., In this study, the author found religious terminology in the category term of disclosure as much as 45 data (28.5%) in the Friday sermon, for example, taken from excerpts of verses from the Quran, namely surah Al-Kahf, Al-Maidah, Al-Fath, etc. as well as hadith from Al-Bukhari, At-Tirmidzi or Bukhari and Muslim.The following is an example of data analysis from the religious terminology category term of revelation.In the table above, the author presents data on the use of religious terminology in the category term of revelation.The data in the clause of the Friday sermon by the preacher Ash-Shaikh A. M Al-Qosim at the Nabawi mosque is an excerpt from surah Al-Balad verse 17, categorised in religious terms in the term of revelation.The category term of disclosure is everything God reveals or shows to humans to show proof of his power, which is included in this category.These terms of revelations can be oral (Al-Qur'an and Hadith), written (Injil and Taurat) or just a dream. 11t is clear that the Qur'an is a guideline for all humans from Allah Swt; this is by the identification of data analysis in the fragment of surah Al-Balad verse 17, which contains Allah Swt saying that believers are like people who always advise to be patient and love (love each other) with each other.This is a revelation and instruction for all Muslims to always be patient and compassionate to other fellow Muslims because, in essence, we are all brothers in Islam.With the command of revelation and instructions to love fellow Muslims, the surah Al-Balad verse 17 quotation shows the register of religious terminology from the disclosure term.

Supernatural Beings
The term religious terminology category of supernatural beings in the Friday sermon of the cleric Ash-Shaikh Dr. A. M Al-Qosim is used to indicate everything that any natural law cannot explain.In identifying religious terminology, terms in the category of supernatural beings, for example, Allah, Dajjal, and angels, can be realised.In this study, the author found 22 data (13.9%) of religious terminology terms in the category of supernatural beings in Friday sermons, such as Allah, Jibril, and so on.Here is one example of data analysis of religious terminology in the category of supernatural beings.In the table above, the author presents the use of religious terminology data in the category of supernatural beings.The clause presented by a khatib Ash-Shaikh A. M Al-Qosim in the Friday sermon at the Nabawi mosque contains data on religious terminology in the category of supernatural beings, namely the word with the source language (BSu) " ‫يل‬ ‫"جب‬ /jibrīlu/ which is translated in the target language (BSa) Indonesia is "Jibril".Jibril is one of the names of the angels sent by Allah Swt to convey revelation to the Prophet Muhammad Saw.The category of supernatural beings refers to anything extraordinary that natural laws cannot explain.This type of metaphysical being category includes God, angels, or demons. 12n the Big Indonesian Dictionary, "Jibril" is taken from the word "Jibrail, " interpreted as an angel messenger of God. 13 In addition, in the dictionary of Mahmud Yunus Wa Dzurriyyah, the word with the source language (BSu) " ‫يل‬ ‫"جب‬ is translated into the target language (BSa) of Indonesian, namely Archangel Jibril.14 This follows the identification of the register form of religious terminology terms in the category of supernatural beings, which explains that angels (one example) fall into this category.

Moral and Ethical Culture
Religious terminology terms in the category of moral and ethical culture in the Friday sermon of the cleric Ash-Sheikh Dr. A. M Al-Qosim are used to indicate a value contained in every religion, whether good or otherwise.In identifying religious terminology terms in the moral and ethical culture category, for example, the ten commandments of God, kosher law, and guidance can be realised.In this study, the author found religious terminology in the moral and ethical culture category as much as 13 data (8.2%) in the Friday sermon, such as grace, guidance, God's rights, sharia, etc.Here is one example of data analysis of religious terminology in the moral and ethical culture category.

Bsa :
And it is the cause of achieving Allah's mercy, [A.Abdil M Firanda, 3:30]   In the table above, the author presents data on using religious terminology in the moral and ethical culture category.The data was taken from a clause delivered by an Islamic preacher, Ash-Shaikh A. M Al-Qosim, at the Friday sermon at the Nabawi mosque.The data with the source language (BSu) Arabic word ‫"رحمة"‬ /rachmat/ with the target language (BSa) using Indonesian is interpreted with the word "mercy" categorised in moral and ethical culture.The moral and ethical culture category comprises all the laws in each religion.This category consists of values in each religion that determine what is good and wrong. 15he clause explains with an emphasis related to the previous clause that there are things that are the cause of achieving mercy from Allah SWT.It has been identified that in the Big Indonesian Dictionary (KBBI), the meaning of the word "mercy" is mercy, mercy, grace (Allah), and blessing (Allah) (Sugono, 2008: 1250).In addition, it has also been adjusted in the Al-Munawwir dictionary that the meaning of the source language (BSu) of the word ‫"رحمة"‬ /rachmat/ or " ‫الرحىم‬ ‫"والرحم‬ is mercy or grace.It can be categorised that "mercy" is an example of a religious terminology term in the category of moral and ethical culture, which means that "mercy" is also a value in each religion that determines between good and evil; Allah Swt gives mercy, blessings, or gifts to whom He wants.Namely, Allah Swt gives good/correct values to Muslims he blesses.Therefore, the identification of the word "mercy" in the clause is included in the language register of religious terminology in the category of moral and ethical criteria.

Religious Group
The term religious terminology category of a religious group in the Friday sermon of cleric Ash-Shaikh Dr. A. M Al-Qosim is used to indicate a group of religious people who believe in each other.In identifying religious terminology terms, the category of religious groups can be realised, for example, Muslims, fire worshipers, and Buddhists.In this study, the author found religious terminology in the category of religious groups as much as 13 data (8.2%) in the Friday sermon, such as Muslims, disbelievers, ulul azmi, polytheists, companions of the Prophet, and so on.The following is an example of data analysis of religious terminology in the religious group category.

Bsa :
And has no mercy on except those who fear the people.All Muslims.[A.Abdil M Firanda, 0:40]   In the table above, the author presents the use of religious terminology in the religious group category.The clause above data from the Friday sermon of scholar Ash-Shaikh A. M Al-Qosim at the Nabawi mosque.The data with the word "the Muslims" shows the religious terminology of the religious group category because the religious group category means a group of people with the same religious beliefs.Each religious group usually has its religious rituals. 16efore the preacher starts his Friday speech/sermon, the preacher gives an opening clause, as in the data clause above.The author identifies that the phrase "Muslims" shows the category of religious groups, which means in the Big Indonesian Dictionary, the word "people" is an ethnic group, relatives, family relatives, or groups (people who agree, work together, are of the same rank, etc.).17And the word "Muslims" is taken from the word "muslim", which means adherents of Islam or Muslims. 18imilarly, the Arabic source language (BSu) is taken from the word ‫"المسلمون"‬ /al-muslimūn/ from the word ‫"مسلم"‬ in Indonesian, which means male Muslims. 19ther phrases in the data that have been identified, namely the term "the Muslims", are categorised in the register of religious terminology forms of religious groups; this is because the Muslims are a group (people who agree) with the belief that our God is Allah SWT and the noble religion in His side is Islam.Therefore, in the data above, "the Muslims" are included in the category of religious groups.

Specialised Religious Activities
The term religious terminology in the category of the specialised religious activities in the Friday sermon of the cleric Ash-Shaikh A. M Al-Qosim is used to indicate the procedures for worshipping a religious community or all the main activities in religion.In identifying religious terminology terms, the primary specialised religious activities can be realised, for example, praying five times, stoning jumroh, and praying.In this study, the author found religious terminology terms in the category of specialised religious activities as much as 11 data (7.0%) in the Friday sermon, such as sholawat, piety, zakat, alms, etc.The following is an example of data analysis of religious terminology terms in specialised religious activities.

Bsa :
With love, the foundation of the building is established.The payment of the obligatory rights of servants such as zakat [A.Abdil M Firanda, 1:54]   In the table above, the author presents data on using religious terminology in specialised religious activities.The data is taken from a snippet in the clause of the Friday sermon by the clerical preacher Ash-Shaikh A. M Al-Qosim at the Nabawi mosque.The word with the source language (BSu) ‫كاة"‬ ‫"الز‬ /azzakāti/ and the target language (BSa) Indonesian "zakat" is categorised in the term religious terminology of the main activity category in religion.The main activity category in faith is the rituals or procedures for worship in a religion included in the specialised religious activities.All rituals or worship in religion are included in this type of category. 20n the pillars of Islam itself, it has also been mentioned that there are five pillars of Islam: shahada, prayer, zakat, fasting, and hajj.And "zakat" is the 3rd pillar of Islam; this proves that "zakat" is a specialised religious activity, especially for Islam itself.According to the translation in Mahmud Yunus Wa Dzurriyyah's dictionary, the word ‫كاة"‬ ‫"الز‬ /azzakāti/ is interpreted as zakat, alms, or cleanliness. 21he meaning of zakat in the dictionary with cleanliness is that zakat in Islam is used as a form of our gratitude for what has been given by Allah SWT to His creatures, namely by cleaning up some of the property owned by those who are entitled to receive it.In addition, in the Big Indonesian Dictionary, the word zakat is defined as a certain amount of property that Muslims must issue and give to people entitled to receive it (such as the poor).There are two types of zakat, namely: zakat fitrah and zakat mal. 22Therefore, the author identifies that the word "zakat" is included in the religious terminology register in the specialised religious activities category.

Eschatology
The term religious terminology in the category of eschatology in the Friday sermon of cleric Ash-Shaikh Dr. A. M Al-Qosim is used to indicate a matter related to an event after humans die.In this study, 8 data (5.1%) of religious terminology terms in the category of eschatology have been found in Friday sermons, such as heaven, the inhabitants of hell, the inhabitants of heaven, the hereafter, etc.The following is an example of data analysis of religious terminology in the eschatology category.'a'l-īmāna, [Dr.Abdul Muhsin, 3:51]   Bsa : And among those who will enter Paradise are those whose hearts are full of mercy and gentleness and are full of grace and gentleness faith.
[A. Abdil M Firanda, In the table above, the author presents data on using religious terminology in the eschatology category.The data above explains that the people who will enter heaven are those whose hearts are filled with mercy, gentleness, and faith.The word from the source language (BSu) Arabic, " ‫"الجنة‬ /al-jannata/ with the target language (BSa), which means "heaven", is an example of data analysis of religious terminology in the category of eschatology.The type of eschatology refers to things related to an event after humans die (death, court, heaven, and hell), as well as extraordinary things that happen in the world because of the will of God. 23his is related to identifying the register of religious terminology terms in the eschatology category in the data analysis.The word "heaven" is a place that will be experienced by people who believe and do good deeds in the afterlife after dying.In the Big Indonesian Dictionary, "heaven" is also defined as the realm of the afterlife that is happy for human spirits who want to live in it (in eternity). 24In addition, it has also been mentioned in the Al-Munawwir dictionary that the word ‫ات)"‬ ّ ‫وجن‬ ‫(جنان‬ ‫ة‬ ّ ‫"الجن‬ /al-jannata/ has a meaning with the target language (BSa) with "heaven".25

Forms of Code Mix
Kridalaksana states that code-mixing uses language units from one language to another to expand the language style or variety, including words, clauses, idioms, and greetings. 26Saddhono also said that the code speech component is never in the form of a sentence but only in words, phrases, expressions, baster forms, word repetitions, and clauses.27This is by the register of code mix in the Friday sermon of the cleric Ash-Shaikh Dr. Abdul Muhsin Al-Qosim.Based on the table, the author identifies the existence of code mix in the Friday sermon by the cleric Ash-Shaikh Dr. Abdul Muhsin Al-Qosim, namely the form of code mix in the form of words 2 data (4.5%) and the form of code mix in the form of phrases 42 data (95.5%).

Word Code Mix
The word code mix is one of the various forms of code mix by Saddhono, which explains code mix in words.Code mix in terms has been found in the Friday sermon of As-Sheikh A. M Al-Qosim with 2 data (4.5%);examples of these 2 data are both the word Rob.Here is one example of the use of data in the form of code mix words.
theory is a theory that defines language as a form of communication.29  Language has a vital role in communication activities as a medium of instruction.According to Jakobson, every act of verbal communication is formed from six factors: context, message sender or speaker, message receiver or interlocutor, contact between speaker and interlocutor, general code, and message.Based on the six factors mentioned by Jakobson, he distinguishes six language functions: referential function, dynamic function, poetic function, phatic function, conative function, and multilingual function.Some examples of language function data used in the Friday sermon of Ash-Sheikh Dr. Abdul Muhsin Al-Qosim are as follows.Diagram 3. Findings of Language Functions in Friday Sermons

Table 1 .
Findings of Religious Terminology Terms in Friday Sermons

Table 3 .
Examples of the Use Term of Revelation in Friday Sermons

Table 4 .
Example of Using the Supernatural Being in Friday Sermons

Table 5 .
Examples of the Use of Moral and Ethical Culture in Friday Sermons

Table 7 .
Examples of the Use of Specialized Religious Activities in Friday Sermons

Table 8 .
Example of Eschatology Category Usage in Friday Sermon

Table 9 .
Results of Code Mix in Friday Sermon

Table 12 .
Findings of Language Functions in Friday Sermons