SAVI Learning Model in Improving Students' Learning Interest and Thinking Ability in Balaghah Learning

: This study aims to determine the effect of the SAVI learning model (Somatic, Auditory, Visualization, Intellectual) on students' learning interests and critical thinking skills in the Balaghah subject at the Adnan Al-Charis Bojonegoro Islamic Boarding School. This study used a quantitative approach with a quasi-experimental research type with a non-equivalent control group design. Class A is the control class with 15 students, and class B is the experimental class with 15 students. Data collection methods include observation, questionnaires, tests, and documentation. Meanwhile, data analysis used descriptive statistics, sample t-test, and the N-Gain test. From the results of this study, it was obtained 1) The SAVI learning model was effective in increasing students' interest in learning. The results of the independent sample t-test (2-tailed) < 0.05, which is 0.000; 2) The SAVI learning model is less effective in improving students' critical thinking skills. The N-Gain result for the experimental class is 59%; 3) There is an influence between the SAVI learning model on students' learning interest, the results of Sig (2-tailed) < 0.05, which is equal to 0.000, while the SAVI learning model has no influence on students' critical thinking skills, the results of Sig (2-tailed) > 0.05, namely of 0.903.


INTRODUCTION
Learning is a human activity to obtain improvements, developments, and changes in the affective, cognitive, and psychomotor aspects 1 . However, not all changes that occur in humans can be said to be the goal of learning because the changes desired here are changes toward a more positive direction 2 . Learning develops in three views 3 , namely 1) learning occurs when a person strengthens or weakens the relationship between stimulus and response, 2) learning is an addition of knowledge because when a person learns, he tries to place information into long-term memory, 3) learns is the process of constructing knowledge, because when a learner he actively constructs knowledge in working memory.
Abroto et all., said that learning is not memorizing and remembering, but learning is a process marked by changes in a person 4 . Both these changes are in the form of changes in attitude, behavior, way of thinking, etc.
In law. No. 20 of 2013 states that learning is an interactive process between students and educators and learning resources in a learning environment 5 . There are several important components in learning activities: students, teachers, learning resources, methods, models, media, curriculum, objectives, and evaluation 6 . Human life is always faced with the emergence of new problems.
Therefore, problem-solving skills are an important part of educational or learning efforts. As is the current problem, we often encounter several schools that still use the classical learning model, resulting in students' interest in learning and critical thinking skills becoming less than optimal 7 . In the Balaghah subject, for example, the Balaghah subject has an important position because it concerns the beauty of a language that becomes urgent in Arabic literature. Especially for students who are studying at Islamic boarding schools who should be more knowledgeable about Arabic basics than those who are not studying at Islamic boarding schools.
Etymologically Balaghah, it comes from balagha, which means washala (until). As for terminology, Balaghah is defined as the suitability of eloquent sentences (accurate, correct) with situations and conditions (muqtadhal hal) 8 . Kalam or language that is fluent or clear according to the situation and conditions. The  Arab IAIN Palangka Raya;Vol 10, No 2 (2022) DO -10.23971/Altarib.V10i2.4529, October 20, 2022. 8  situations and conditions referred to here are mukhathab 9 . Changes in the mukhathab situation also require a change in language structure so that it is "connected," not "miscommunicated." The value of each Balaghah depends on the extent to which it can meet the demands of the situation and conditions after paying attention to its fashahah (grammatically correct) 10 .
Along with the times and the progress of science and technology that is so rapid, while the references in Balaghah science do not experience changes (development or stagnation), a next generation is needed who can answer the challenges of the times, namely being able to develop the scientific treasures of Balaghah. How many new problems arise in learning Balaghah, which could be more varied and exciting? Today's students must be able to provide solutions to these problems.
However, the student's lack of enthusiasm for studying Balaghah is one of the many problems that result in a lack of interest in learning and low students' critical thinking skills, which impacts their level of understanding 11 . They tend only to follow the learning flow, the material contained in textbooks, and study in theory. However, they are less faced with a problem that can increase curiosity, generate interest, and hone their thinking skills. Even though the material will be easier to master if students can be emotionally involved in learning. One Chinese proverb says, "I hear, I forget, I see, I remember, and I do, I understand" 12 . Therefore, it is necessary to review the problem again and then look for a solution so that it is expected that there will be changes 13 .
Preparing material packaged interestingly and supported by a fun learning model may positively impact increasing interest in learning and students' thinking skills, especially in the Balaghah subject. Interest has an important role in learning because interest can help someone determine one's goals, patterns, and ways of thinking 14 . Interest is a state in which a person has attention accompanied by curiosity and learning more about it. Interest can encourage someone to pay attention due to a sense of interest. With this interest, a person will carry out activities or objects that are felt to have appealed so that, over time, this will lead to self-satisfaction. This interest in learning will later influence the development of their intellectual potential and mindset in learning so that they can produce better thinking skills than before.
Ahmad and Mohamed revealed that SAVI is learning by combining physical and intellectual activities and involving all the senses to progress learning 15 . Several studies that have been conducted show that the SAVI learning model influences increasing students' interest in learning. Among them was research conducted by Herman & Hamdani, Mulia et al., and Wulandari et al., which showed that the SAVI model could affect the increase in students' interest in learning 16 . While research showing that the SAVI model affects improving students' critical thinking skills includes research conducted by Dewi et al 17 ., Erpidawati & Putri,and Lalela et all.,18 . Based on the various previous studies above, it can be concluded that students' interest in learning and thinking skills will increase if teachers can create and use learning models that are active, effective, creative, and also fun. Likewise, the more senses are used and function in learning activities; the more information is captured by students.
Adnan Al-Charis Bojonegoro Islamic Boarding School is a boarding school where most students study the yellow book. Santri, in their daily lives at Islamic boarding schools, has a custom, namely sendiko dawuh, to what their teachers say, and often, they are not given the opportunity or special time to ask questions SAVI Learning Model in Improving... IJALT Vol. 05, No. 01, January-June 2023|19 which by asking can develop their critical thinking skills. In addition, many Islamic boarding schools still use learning models such as lectures. In contrast, in this era, many students will be more interested in learning, and their level of thinking ability will increase if they use the right learning model. The limited learning model makes students seem less enthusiastic about participating in learning activities. Therefore, to increase the interest in learning and the ability to think of students in the Balaghah subject, especially the Adnan Al-Charis Bojonegoro Islamic Boarding School students. Implementing this learning model is hoped to help increase interest in learning and critical thinking skills of the Adnan Al-Charis Bojonegoro Islamic Boarding School students in Balaghah learning.

Research Sites
This research was carried out at the Adnan Al-Charis Bojonegoro Islamic 3) The dependent variable (Y): students' thinking ability.

Population and Sample
The population is all the objects or subjects that exist in an area and meet predetermined conditions. At the same time, the sample is part of the population with certain characteristics to be studied 21 . In this study, the population used was the Adnan Al-Charis Bojonegoro Islamic Boarding School students. The sampling in this study used a non-probability sampling technique using saturated sampling, namely the sampling technique if all members of the population are used as samples in the study because the population size is relatively small. The sample in this study was class A, with 15 students as the control class, and class B with 15 students as the experimental class.

Data and Data Sources
Data are all facts or information about something that can be used as material in compiling information 22 . This study used primary data because the data was obtained directly by researchers through questionnaires and tests conducted to obtain data regarding the effectiveness of the SAVI learning model in increasing students' interest in learning and critical thinking skills.
The data presented in this study is quantitative, namely, data presented in the form of numbers. In this study, there is a control class and an experimental class. The control class is the class that will be given a pre-test and post-test like the experimental class; only what distinguishes the two is the treatment given to each class. In the control class, the learning activities will use the conventional model or a model that teachers generally use as usual. In contrast, the experimental class will use the SAVI learning model.

Research Instruments
The research instruments and the quality of data collection influence the quality of the results in a study. The research instrument is a written guide regarding interviews, observations, or a list of questions prepared to obtain information from respondents; the instrument is also known as a measuring instrument. To produce accurate data, this research instrument uses a Likert scale; this is because the Likert scale is a type of scale used to measure attitudes. In addition, the Likert scale is a scale that can be used to measure attitudes, opinions, or perceptions of a person or group of people about a symptom or phenomenon that occurs. The Likert scale uses two types of questions: positive and negative.
The score given to positive attitude questions was given a score 5, 4, 3, 2, 1, while the negative question scores were 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, with the answers in the form of strongly agree, agree, undecided, disagree, and very disagree. Each question has a score as follows: namely post-tests or tests given before the treatment is given and post-tests or tests are given after the treatment is given; 3) The questionnaire is one of the measuring tools in a study. This study will use a structured questionnaire conveyed directly by the researcher to the respondents; 4) Documentation is a data collection technique with a rich value. Documentation can support the evidence and results obtained in research because it documents the activities carried out during the research.

Validity and Reliability Test
Validity is the ability of a measuring instrument to measure its target.
Validity also includes the extent to which the accuracy and accuracy of a measuring instrument are used in research. While reliability is the extent to which measuring instruments can be trusted and relied upon. 1) Test Validity, to test the validity of the construct, the opinion of experts can be used. After the instrument is constructed regarding the aspects to be measured based on a particular theory, it can then be constructed with experts by asking for their opinion regarding the instrument that has been prepared.
After the construct testing from the experts has been completed, proceed with instrument trials. The instrument was tested on the sample from which the population was drawn. After the data has been obtained and tabulated, testing the construction's validity is carried out using factor analysis by correlating between scores and instruments using the person product moment formula; 2) Reliability Test, a measuring tool, is said to be reliable if the tool has consistency. Reliability refers to how consistently the tools are used to assess what is desired.

Data Analysis
Data analysis was carried out after all the data had been collected. After the data is collected, the next step is to analyze the data that has been obtained. Data analysis aims to obtain correct and justifiable conclusions from the research conducted. The stages of data analysis carried out in this study used the help of SPSS version 25 software, namely as follows: 1) Descriptive Statistics, the purpose of descriptive statistics is to provide an overview of the research object without giving meaning or conclusions and usually the presentation of the data is expressed through diagrams or tables; 2) Normality test, used to determine the normality of the data collected based on the written test. The data will be known to be normally distributed if the P-Value or also called a significant figure (Sig) ≥ 0.05 Ho is accepted and Ha is rejected. But if the P-Value (Sig) < 0.05, Ho is rejected and Ha is accepted; 3) Homogeneity test is a testing process to determine whether the data taken is homogeneous.
This test is carried out if the data has been proven to be normally distributed. If the homogeneity test of the data that has been studied proves that the distribution is not homogeneous, then the t-test cannot be carried out; 4) Linearity test aims to determine whether the model built has a linear relationship or not; 5) The mean difference test, used to calculate the mean difference between the amount of data collected by the researcher.
In this study, the data compared was the amount of data in the experimental class and the control class. Usually, the mean test uses the t-test, but the t-test can only be done if the data has been proven to be normally distributed and homogeneous. If it is not normally distributed, then the data analysis is continued with the non-parametric test. In this study, the independent sample ttest was used to know the average of two unpaired samples; 6) Calculation of Gain is an analysis of the data used to determine the effectiveness of the learning model in the control and experimental group research. In this study, N-Gain calculations were carried out to compare pre-test and post-test values.

RESULT AND DISCUSSION Descriptive Statistics
This descriptive analysis aims to determine the average value (mean), mode (a value that occurs frequently), median (middle value), standard deviation, maximum value, and minimum value 23 . This descriptive statistical analysis uses SPSS 25 software. 23 Jaya.
IJALT Vol. 05, No. 01, January-June 2023|24 and 100 (after being given treatment), while the minimum score was 30 (before being given treatment) and 60 (after being given treatment). The average value is 56.7 (before being given treatment) and 80 (after treatment). The mean value was 50 (before treatment) and 80 (after treatment). The values often come out are 70 (before treatment) and 80 (after treatment).
In the control class, the maximum score is 90 (before being given treatment) and 90 (after being given treatment), while the minimum value is 30 (before being given treatment) and 50 (after being given treatment). The average value was 53.3 (before being given treatment) and 72 (after treatment). The mean value was 50 (before treatment) and 80 (after treatment). The values often come out are 50 (before treatment) and 80 (after treatment).
Furthermore, to find out the descriptive statistics obtained from the questionnaire are as follows:

Normality Test
The normality test aims to determine the normality of the data collected based on the written test. The data will be known to be normally distributed if the P-Value or also called a significant figure (Sig) ≥ 0.05, then Ho is accepted and Ha is rejected. But if the P-Value (Sig) < 0.05, then Ho is rejected, and Ha is accepted.
The normality test in this study used SPSS 25 software.  Based on the results of the normality test in the table above, it can be seen that the Sig value > 0.05, the decision is Ho is accepted, and Ha is rejected, which means that the data is normally distributed.

Homogeneity Test
The purpose of doing a homogeneity test is to determine whether the data taken is homogeneous. The hypothesis formula in the homogeneity test is Ho: the data is homogeneously distributed. Ha: data distribution is not homogeneous.
With a decision, if the significant number (Sig) ≥ 0.05, then Ho is accepted, and Ha is rejected, whereas if the significant number (Sig) < 0.05, then Ho is rejected and Ha is accepted. The following are the results of the homogeneity test carried out using the SPSS 25 software, namely as follows:  Based on the linearity test in the table above, it can be seen that the value of Sig > 0.05 means that there is a significant linear relationship between variables.

Mean Difference Test
The purpose of the mean difference test is to calculate the mean difference between the amount of data collected by the researcher. In this study, the data compared was the amount of data in the experimental class and the control class.
Usually, the mean test uses the t-test, but the t-test can only be done if the data has been proven to be normally distributed and homogeneous. If it is not normally distributed, then the data analysis is continued with the non-parametric test. In this study, the data were known to be normal and homogeneous, so the next step was to conduct a t-test using the independent sample t-test to determine the average of two unpaired samples.  Based on the average test in the table above, it can be seen that the result is Sig (2-tailed) <0.05, so the decision is that there is a significant difference between the interest in learning in the experimental class and the interest in learning in the control class. Below are the results of the independent sample t-test post-test: Based on the mean test in the independent sample t-test table above, it can be seen that the result is Sig (2-tailed) > 0.05. Hence, the decision is that there is no significant difference between the average test class of the experiment class and the control class. Meanwhile, based on the paired sample t-test to test the increase in students' critical thinking skills from both classes, it can be concluded that there is an increase in learning outcomes.

Gains Calculation
The N-Gain calculation is a data analysis used to determine the effectiveness of the learning model in the control and experimental group IJALT Vol. 05, No. 01, January-June 2023|29 research. In this study, the N-Gain calculations used SPSS 25 software. The results of the N-Gain calculations are as follows: Based on the N-Gain test, the score shows that the average N-Gain value for the experimental class is 59%, which is included in the less effective category, the minimum value is 33.33%, and the maximum is 100%. While the average N-Gain value for the control class is 37%, it is included in the ineffective category, the minimum value is 0%, and the maximum is 60%. Meanwhile, in calculating interest in learning through a questionnaire, an average of 75% is obtained, which means that it is included in the quite effective category.

The Effectiveness of the SAVI Learning Model in Increasing the Learning
The SAVI learning model is a learning model that optimizes the use of the senses it has. The SAVI learning model also prioritizes each student's learning style to be suitable for learning that requires direct experience. Adnan Al-Charis To measure the increase in students' learning interest in this study, a questionnaire was used as a measuring tool. Each statement written in the questionnaire was developed from several indicators. The questionnaire was arranged based on a Likert scale with the criteria for answer choices always, often, sometimes, rarely, and never. The scoring criteria are five points for always, four points for often, three points for sometimes, two points for rarely, and one point for never. Before being distributed to research respondents, the questionnaire was tested for validity and reliability using SPSS 25 software. After the questionnaire was tested for validity, the result was that there were seven useful items out of a total of ten statement items in the learning interest questionnaire. Then the valid questionnaire statement items are then distributed.

Based on research conducted at the Adnan Al-Charis Bojonegoro Islamic
Boarding School, a research result was obtained that obtained Sig. (2-tailed) < 0.05, which is equal to 0.000, the decision is that there is a significant difference between the interest in learning in the experimental class and the interest in learning in the control class. The level of effectiveness obtained is 75%, which shows that SAVI is quite effective in increasing interest in learning. The experimental class is a class that is given treatment using the SAVI learning model, while in the control class, the learning is carried out using conventional methods.
This is the opinion of Wibowo and Pradana, who said that students' interest in learning is influenced by several factors, including the infrastructure or learning media and the learning model used by the teacher; this is because SAVI learning maximizes the use of the senses owned and assisted by the media 24 . Such audiovisual students will be more interested and increase their interest in learning, especially students who rarely use media in learning. The SAVI learning model is According to Wulandari's opinion above, it can be understood that one that can affect the increase in students' interest is to use the right way to attract their attention. So if the learning process in the classroom uses a model such as lectures which is only teacher-centered, it is certain that students will easily feel bored, so they have no enthusiasm and cause no interest in learning. Interest in a person will grow when he feels interested in something. That is why it is necessary to use a learning model that can arouse students' interest in learning, and as a solution, in this study, the SAVI learning model was used.
Learning using SAVI is a learning model that combines all the functions of the human senses. Therefore, in learning, students are not only loyal listeners, but students also play an active role in it. Most schools still use conventional models such as lectures, so they are not appropriate for growing interested and developing students' thinking, especially in some subjects that require practice that requires physical movement, intellectual encouragement, and observation through the senses of sight and hearing. As a result, many students still need to find the material that the teacher has explained without wanting to seek the truth 25  and develop their thoughts. So, there is dependence on the teacher, resulting in low students' critical thinking skills 27 .

The Effect of the SAVI Learning Model on Improving the Critical Thinking
This study uses the SAVI learning model, which unifies and maximizes the work of the senses of sight, hearing, movement, and the students' intellectual knowledge. Applying the SAVI learning model to Adnan Al-Charis Bojonegoro Islamic Boarding School hopes to increase students' interest in learning and critical thinking skills in Balaghah learning. The research results showed that the average N-Gain value for the experimental class was 59% or included in the less effective category. In contrast, in the control class, the value was 37% or included in the ineffective category. So it can be concluded that using the SAVI model in the experimental class is still in the fewer criteria, and using conventional models in the control class is ineffective.

Critical Thinking
SAVI is not a learning model that separates the body and mind but rather a learning model that combines the two. When viewed from the SAVI learning model elements, which include somatic, auditory, visualization, and intellectual, all of this can be used to hone students' abilities in critical thinking 28 . To measure the increase in students' critical thinking skills using the SAVI learning model, the research instrument used in this study was in the form of tests or questions. The questions given amounted to 20 items in the form of multiple-choice questions.
Based on the research objectives, an independent sample t-test was carried out to measure the average of two unpaired samples. The result shows that Sig (2tailed) > 0.05; the decision is that there is no significant difference between the average test results of the experimental class and the control class. However, to test whether there is an increase in students' critical thinking skills in each class 27 MAU Nuha, ‫العالية"‬ ‫المدرسة‬ ‫في‬ ‫القراءة‬ ‫مهارة‬ ‫تنمية‬ ‫في‬ ‫التخصص‬ ‫برنامج‬ ‫",مساهمة‬ IJ-ATL (International Journal of Arabic Teaching and Learning) 3, no. 2 (2019): 25-49. 28 Aisyah, Muhandaz, and Irdamisraini, "Pendekatan Pembelajaran Somatic, Auditory, Visualization and Intellectualy (SAVI) Terhadap Kemampuan Komunikasi Matematis Berdasarkan Self-Efficacy Siswa," JURING (Journal for Research in Mathematics Learning, 5 no. 4 (2022). obtained through the paired sample t-test, it can be concluded that there is an increase in learning.
Interest in learning will encourage students to understand the lesson better so that it will have a positive impact on increasing students' critical thinking skills.
The ability to think critically is very important, especially when learning Arabic, especially Balaghah. Most students in Islamic boarding schools are less enthusiastic about learning Balaghah because they consider learning Balaghah difficult to understand, so they become less interested when studying it. In addition, in Islamic boarding schools, learning is more centered on the teacher, thus making students lack the ability to think critically.

CONCLUSION
The SAVI learning model effectively increases students' interest in learning at the Adnan Al-Charis Bojonegoro Islamic Boarding School. The independent sample t-test showed Sig (2-tailed) <0.05, which was equal to 0.000, so the decision was that there was a significant difference between the interest in learning in the experimental class and the interest in learning in the control class. Furthermore, the SAVI learning model is less effective in improving students' critical thinking skills in the Balaghah subject at the Adnan Al-Charis Bojonegoro Islamic Boarding School. The results showed that the average N-Gain value for the experimental class was 59% or included in the less effective category. The SAVI learning model influences increasing students' learning interest in Balaghah learning at Adnan Al-Charis Bojonegoro Islamic Boarding School; the results of Sig (2-tailed) < 0.05, which is equal to 0.000, the decision is that there is an influence between the SAVI learning model on students' learning interest. However, the SAVI learning model does not affect improving critical thinking skills; the results of Sig (2-tailed) > 0.05, which is equal to 0.903, the decision is that there is no influence between the SAVI learning model on students' critical thinking abilities.