An AnAlysis of ZAkAh funds Through CommuniTy BAsed developmenT

The aim of this study is to find a prototype model of the proper optimization of charity funds in the empowerment of the poor town based on local wisdom in Lampung. This study used a survey method with the data derived from the results of the Focus Group Discussion (FGD) and in-depth interviews with the speakers is the model identification stage. Then, reconstruction model using comparative analysis. Community Based Development (CBD) is a method that involves communities in development. Where constructions began on the stage of ideas, planning, program development activities, budgeting, procurement of resources to the implementation of a more emphasis on real desire or the real needs of the community in a group of people. Through Mustahiq Relation Officer (MRO) ashuman resources assistant, Integrated Community Development (ICD) became the center ofthe distribution of the program so that the program is more scalable, and controlled.


introduction A.
Poverty is a phenomenon of human life that always accompanies the process of development and is considered as a barrier because its effects are likely to be negative.With the largest Muslim population in the world, Indonesia has the potential to overcome poverty through fiscal policy management of Zakah, Donation and Charity (ZDC).ZDC can be an alternative to overcome poverty because its targets clearly set out in the Qur'an, that is poor.Distribution should be developed towards empowerment through productive activities is not for consumption.So far, the potential and the importance of charity as an effort to alleviate poverty are still considered underestimatedly, but charity actually has a huge economic potential for Indonesia.Nowadays, collecting funds of ZDC have reached five a percentage of the total potential of zakah reaches 20 trillions of dollars each year.Although ZDC has been professionally managed by Zakah Management Organization (ZMO) that exist in Indonesia, the distribution of beneficiaries of funds of ZDC impress overlap with each other, as the collection of ZDC are still focused on a specific area.
According to Firman, utilization of Zakah funds for this still adheres to the old paradigm, ie zakah should be shared out for all classes specified and for a moment so that the utilization of zakah consumption for the purpose of productive economic empowerment has not been a top priority 1 .Furthermore Fujiyono saya that concludes that distributor of ZDC is still less effective and benefit of ZDC funds through economic empowerment is still classified as less efficient 2 .
Paradigm charity of foundation jurisprudence can be utilized in productive economic activities.It is time ZMO start reducing consumption and optimize the portion of zakah and charity prioritizes productive.Many models and policies conducted so far are not effective and efficient in overcoming poverty.The belief systems of government and law can be interpreted as A form of assessment among state institutions in organizing The power of the state for the statehood itself 3 .The paradigm of development through empowerment (empowerment) is an appropriate approach to overcoming poverty.
According Fujyono empowerment is a process and a goal.As a process, empowerment is a series of activities to improve the power and empowerment of vulnerable groups in society, including individuals who have problems of poverty.For the purpose, empowerment refers to the state or the results to be achieved by a social change, which empowered community, have power or have the knowledge and ability to meet their needs whether physical, economic, and social 4 .
In addition, the role of zakat needs to be optimized to help finance Islamic educational institutions for children from poor families, as well as for the future interests of the umma as a whole, because the development of Islamic educational institutions today has caused widespread concern in the community, especially faced with multidimensional crisis Which is prolonged and the community also expects certainty how this nation will face competition with other nations in the face of globalization5 .As stated by Dr. Yusuf Qaradawi in the book of Dauru Al-Zakat, fi 'Ilaaj al-Musykilaat al-Iqtishaadiyah, "One who studies is given the right to receive zakat because he is carrying out his obligations Fardhu kifayah, and also because the benefits of knowledge to be achieved is not limited to himself, but the benefits of his knowledge is used for the benefit of all mankind to be fair if then he is assisted with zakat money, because basically, zakat is only for Muslims in need or For people needed by The Muslims, while the claimant of knowledge belongs to both criteria." The awarding of zakat for scholarship has been discussed and decided by the Indonesian Ulema Council (MUI) through a fatwa stipulated on 29 Ramadhan 1416/19 February 1996, signed by the Chairman of MUI KH Hasan Basri and Chairman of the Fatwa Commission Prof. KH Ibrahim Hosen, LML6 (Fatwa Decree Number 120 / MUI / 1996).
Model utilization of zakah to the concept of empowerment is the current trend among institutions of zakah and relevant to address poverty, for example ZDC empowerment by providing venture capital good with a loan without a profit-sharing system (Qardhul Hasan) and the profit-sharing system.However, through mentoring programs should microenterprises with productive charitable giving in the form of a revolving fund can be developed with a "Community-Based Development" or even "Integrated Development Community (IDC)" to be effective and efficient in alleviating poverty.
The purpose ot this research are; to know the distribution of zakah models through the empowerment of the poor town in the Lampung province.Create the optimization of zakah funds model right in the empowerment of the poor town in the Lampung province.

Conception
Zakah is derived from the Arabic word that zakah which means 'sacred', 'good', 'blessing', 'growth' and 'developing'.While the terminology of law, zakah is a certain amount of assets that have reached that certain conditions are required by God to be issued and given to those who deserve it with certain requirements7 Various property shall be issued zakah is agriculture, plantation, animal husbandry, fisheries, mining, gold, silver, money, revenue and services, rikaz (artifacts), trade and enterprise, as well as other sources of income (Republic Act.38 Year 1999 on Zakah Management).The ashnaf (person who is entitled to receive zakah) is indigent (the destitute), the poor, amil (zakah), converts (those who are new to Islam), gharimin (debtor), Ibnsabil (person who in the course of study), fi sabillillah (people who fight in Allah's way), Riqab (slave) 8 In terms of concept, zakah can be used as an instrument in the economic empowerment of people through the utilization of zakah for productive enterprises.This has been stipulated in the Decree of the Minister of Religious Affairs of the Republic of Indonesia No. 373 of 2003 in Article 28, paragraph 2 and Article 29, concerning the implementation of Act 38 of 1999 on zakah management.In fact, in article 30 in the decision is emphasized again that the proceeds of Zakah Collectors Organization (ZCO) either donation, charty, wills, inheritance or expiation utilized especially for productive activities after getting the requirements as stipulated in Article 29.But in the reality, Zakah, Donation and Charity fund (ZDC) is not optimal to overcome the tackling poverty as expected.

Zakah and empowerment of the poor 2.
Utilization of zakah model for the economic empowerment of the poor is a program to encourage the utilization of Zakah funds to supportmustahiq able to have an independent business.The program is realized in the form of capital development of micro enterprises existing or new planting prospective micro enterprises9 Article 16 first and second paragraph of Law No. 38 Year 1999 on Zakah Management, explicitly stated that the utilization of zakah is to meet the needs of the mustahiq life in accordance with the provisions of religion (eight ashnaf) and can be utilized for productive enterprises.More specifically, in the Decree of the Minister of Religion No. 373 of 20 035 Article 28 paragraph (2) explained that the utilization of zakah for productive activities carried out when charity was able to meet the needs of the mustahiq life and it turns out there are advantages.So, ZIS, especially infaq and Sadaqah, can be utilized for productive activities when there are real efforts are likely to benefit.
ZIS funds can be distributed on two types of activities, ie activities that are consumptive and productive10 .Consumptive activities are activities that form of relief just to solve problems that are urgent and immediately discharged after the aid is used (shortterm).Meanwhile, productive activity is the provision of assistance intended for productive activities so as to provide medium to long term impact for the mustahiq.
According to Antonio earning financing is intended to meet the financing needs of the production in a broad sense, ie to increase the business, whether production, trade and investment 11 .Based on the type of needs, financing productive divided into two, namely: (a) Working capital financing, which is the financing to meet the needs of increased production quantitatively (amount of production) and qualitative (quality improvement or quality of production) as well as for trading purposes or increase the utility of place of an item; (b) Financing of investment, which is the financing to meet the needs of capital goods (capital goods) and facilities that are closely associated with the investment.
According to Sunartiningsih.empowerment is defined as an effort to assist communities in developing their own abilities that are free and able to solve problems and make decisions independently.Thus empowerment is intended to encourage the strength and ability of public agencies to independently able to manage itself based on the needs of the community itself, and is able to overcome the challenges of the problems in the future12 .While the concept of Suharto concerning empowerment is the ability of people are particularly vulnerable and weak that they have the strength and ability in several ways: (a) Meeting the basic needs so that they have the freedom, in the sense of not only free to express their opinions, but freedom from hunger, freedom from ignorance and free from pain; (b) Reaching productive resources that enable them to increase their income and obtain goods and services they need; (c) Participate in the development process and the decisions that affect them13 .
There are several indicators of the success of development programs by Sumodiningrat namely: (a) Shrinkage of poor people number; (b) Development efforts to increase revenue made by the poor to take advantage of available resources; (c) Increased public awareness of efforts to improve the welfare of poor families in the neighborhood; (d) Increase the independence of the group are characterized by the growing business and productive members of the group, the group's capital strength, the neat system administration group, as well as the growing extent of the interaction of group with other groups in society; (e) Increasing the capacity of communities and the equitable distribution of income that is characterized by an increase in the income of poor families is able to meet basic needs and social needs basically14 .

Community Based Concept development. C.
Community Based Development approach (CBD) is a method of approach that involves community / communities in development.
In this development involves a variety of elements including the broader social, cultural, economic to regulatory environment (Hidayat and Darwin, 2001).The nature of the CBD this approach is the development process from initial idea / ideas, planning, program development activities, budgeting / cost, procurement of resources to the implementation of a more emphasis on real desire or need there (the real needs of the community) in community groups.This study is a naturalistic study with qualitatif-descriptive approach.This is a model of research that seeks to create a description / exposurion and dig carefully and deeply about certain social phenomena without intervention and hypotheses.While the determination of the sample uses purposive sampling technique.Here amilzakah institutions data:

Types, sources and data Collection Techniques 2.
In this study, the types of data that will be used are primary data and secondary data.Data collection methods are varied using several techniques, depending on the desired data data sources.Primary data will be collected through a survey deepened by the Focus Group Discussion (FGD) and in-depth interviews (depth interview).FGDs will be conducted by BAZNAS Lampung Province.FGD will be done also by LAZ-LAZ in Lampung Province.In-depth interviews conducted by local government, Religion Departement, scholars of moslems, community leaders, muzakki, mustahiq, and other collectors.In addition to the primary data, this study also uses secondary data obtained from the publications, both from government agencies (BPS, Social Services, Office of Religious Affairs and others), Regional BAZNAS, LAZ, books, journals and internet sites.

processing and data Analysis 3.
Primary data is processed by making a transcript of a Focus Group Discussion (FGD) and in-depth interviews with resource persons.While secondary data processed by the program Excel to get the trend and growth.To design an appropriate model reconstruction performed comparative analysts, using comparative models are expected to be known values of uniqueness and advantages of each model of empowerment charity to the poor is done by agencies ofzakah itself.The results are analyzed with SWOT analysis and analysis of the situation analyst in order to obtain a desired prototype models, This research article is expected to be useful in generating some postulate and theory that can be used as a reference for researchers. 16sults and discussion e.
The total potential of zakah in Lampung province until now does not have official data and valid that could explain the potential zakah in Lampung Province.An estimate of existing national and regional isstill doubtful.Because theory calculations using various assumptions that are less valid.So the description of the potential zakah among the other agencies varies.According to the Head Office of the Ministry of Religious Affairs (MRA offices) Abdurrahman in Lampung Province 17 , the potential zakah profession / mal in Lampungprovince reached Rp 4.5 trillion each year.The projected amount of 5 million for inhabitants Lampung who pay zakah profession / mall is 2.5% each month.From the data of zakah in Lampung Province is currently only collected approximately 2.73% only.These assumptions are very weak and not valid because it is based on predictive assumptions only.So that needs to be done so that the survey approach will be more accurate in describing the potential for charity in Lampung Province.
Regardless of the zakah potential assumptions, macro development of social, economic and religious understanding of society is assumed to be an effect on strengthening the potential for charity in Lampung Province.These indicators can be seen from: increasing awareness of the religious community, the economic life of the improvement of society and the development of professional amil zakah institutions.In general it can be said that zakah in Lampung province is currently experiencing a revival trend.Awareness for alms giving more organized, powerful and effective has encouraged the emergence of institutions of zakah professionals from various religious associations.
Zakah management institutions in Indonesia are divided into two namely Amil Zakah and the Institute of Amil Zakah or LAZ.Management institution of zakah in Lampung province is a branch of a national charity management institutions such as: LAZ PKPU Lampung, LAZ Rumah Zakah Lampung, LAZ Dompet Dhuafa Lampung, LAZ DPU-DT Lampung / LAZ Lampung Peduli, Lampung LAZIS MU, LAZIS NU Lampung, BAZ Al-Forqon and other so forth.While the local level appears LAZ Lampung Care represents private institutions andmanagementzakah institutions in government circles are BAZNAS Lampung, BAZNAS Bandar Lampung, BAZNAS Metro and so forth.
Law No. 38 of 1999 on Zakah Management explained that the utilization is: (a) Results of collecting alms for mustahiq utilized in accordance with the provisions of religion; (b) Utilization of collecting zakah based on priority needs mustahiq and can be used for productive enterprises.;(c) The requirements and procedures for collecting zakah utilization as referred to in paragraph (2) shall be regulated by the decision of the Minister.
The types of activities that develop the utilization of Zakah funds currently can divideinto two bases on the basis of activities, namely: (1) Based Social.Distribution of zakah this kind conducted in the form of direct funding in the form of compensation for the fulfillment of basic needs mustahiqIt is also called the Charity Program (compensation) or grant consumer.This program is the simplest form of the distribution of zakah funds.(2) Based Economic Development.Distribution of zakah this kind conducted in the form of venture capital to mustahiq directly, whose management may involve or not involve mustahiqtarget.The distribution of zakah funds is directed to productive economic enterprises, which may also be raised welfare of society.
Distribution of zakah Method, the present time is known as zakah consumptive and productive charity.Almost all of zakah management institutions apply this method.In general, these two categories of zakah is distinguishable by giving charity and the charity fund utilization by mustahiq.Each of the consumptive and productive needs are then divided into two, namely the traditional consumptive and consumptive creative, while the form of productive divided into conventional productive and creative productive, while a more detailed description of the four forms of distribution of zakah are:

Traditional Consumer 1.
Purpose of traditional consumptive distributing zakah is that zakah distributed to mustahiq with directly for daily consumption needs, such as the division of tithes in the form of rice and money to the poor every Eid or distribution of zakah mal directly by the muzakki to mustahiq who desperately need because of lack of food or because of the unfortunate.This pattern is a short-term program in order to overcome the problems of the people.

Creative Consumer 2.
Distributions of Zakah as a creative consumer is realized in the form of zakah consumer's goods and are used to help the poor in overcoming social and economic problems it faces.The contributions are in the form of school supplies and scholarships for students, aid places of worship such as gloves and mukena, help agricultural implements, such as hoes for farmers, carts selling to small traders productive Conventional 3.
Distribution of Zakah conventional productively is charity given in the form of productive goods, where the use of these items, the muzakki can create a business, such as the provision of goats, milking cows or for plowing, carpentry tools, and sewing machines productive Creative 4.
Distribution of Zakah productively creative is manifested in the form of revolving capital, both for capitalization of social projects, such as social development, such as the construction of schools, health facilities or places of worship as well as venture capital to help or for business development, traders or small businesses.
Updates in the aspect of utilization of zakahare the renewal of the aspects concerning the utilization of Zakah funds.So far, there is an impression that perpetuates poverty charity.It can be seen from the recipients who never changed his status of recipients (mustahiq) become givers / tax payers (muzzaki), even every year mustahiq number tends to increase.LAZ aid delivery and BAZ is done through programs in education, health, the area of youth and the economic field is still done mostly scattered and tend to be partially dependent mustahiq for each program.This will cause difficulty in control, With Mustahiq Relation Officer (MRO) as Human Resource (HR) assistant, ICD became the centre of the distribution of the program so that the program is more scalable, and controlled [.] According to Hidayat and Darwin the basic principles of the concept of the Based Development approach (CBD) are: (a) Required level of break-even in every residence which is managed through the CBD program.The aim is that the activities are managed is able to be preserved or developed; (b) The concept of CBD always involves participation of community that includes the planning and implementation of programs; (c) Between training and business development is an integral and inseparable; (d) Implementation of the CBD should maximize existing resources, particularly the issue of funding; (d) Organization of the CBD must position itself as a "middleman" to the links between government interests with the interests of the people who are micro 15 .
evaluation and sizing success of the program.Besides the change of consumption patterns become productive patterns become one way for future empowerment charity funds.Model utilization of zakah for the economic empowerment of the poor is a program to encourage the utilization of Zakah funds mustahiq able to have an independent business.Optimization of zakah funds model to approach the Integrated Community Development (ICD) or empowerment integrated region, or better known as the concept of guided village.Integrated Community Development (ICD) is the center or center-based community empowerment mustahiq at village or district.The purpose ICD models are: 1).Help mustahiqto survive in the midst of its material shortages, 2).monitor the development of the welfare mustahiq for the target, 3).make people aware of the responsibility to alleviate poverty locally territory, and 4).reduce mustahiq of poverty so they can change their welfare at the level muzaki (people who pay zakah).Each region includes in ICD program will be accompanied by one person or more mustahiq Relations Officer (MRO).MRO serves as a driver, companion, facilitator, motivator and even preachers who helped ensure the 4 main program clumps LAZ / BAZ well received in the community.Each MRO required to live in the community and managed the family 100-250.Thus, the process of empowerment LAZ / BAZ lasts is longer observed, integrated and sustainable.Conclusion f.The problems of quite complex poverty are requiring the intervention of all parties together and coordinated.During Zakah Management Organization (ZMO) run the program utilization of Zakah to tackle the problem of poverty only by its own logic.So the empowerment Zakah funds models which happens to the urban poor is different having in the advantages and disadvantages as well.This study aims to find a prototype model of the proper optimization of charity funds in the empowerment of the poor town based on local wisdom in Lampung province.This study used a survey method for the first phase with the data derived from the results of the Focus Group Discussion (FGD) and in-depth interviews with the speakers is the model identification stage and the second stage is the stage of reconstruction model using comparative analysis and SWOT analysts.The result that wants to be achieved through this study is getting thesis about optimization Zakah funds models in empowerment of the poor town in the Lampung province and drafting prototype optimization Zakah fund models in a community development based on local wisdom city in the Lampung province.Community Based Development approach (CBD) is a method of approach that involves communities in the development where construction began on the stage of ideas, planning, making the program of activities, budgeting / cost, procurement of resources to the implementation of a more stressed the desire or need for real there (the real needs of the community) in a communities.Integrated Community Development (ICD) is a focused spot to integrate the delivery of education, health, youth training, and economic empowerment of community-based integrated manner.